Studies of structure and cycleability of LiMn2O4 and LiNd0.01Mn1.99O4 as cathode for Li-ion batteries

Lithium manganese oxides LiMn₂O₄ and rare earth elements doped LiNd_0.01Mn_1.99O₄ were synthesized by microwave method. The structure and the electrochemical performances of the samples were characterized. XRD data shows both samples exhibit the same pure spinel phase. But due to the introduction of Nd³⁺ ion into the unit cell, the lattice parameter of the Nd-doped spinel was larger than that of the undoped one. The two samples had a similar morphology including small particle size and homogeneous particle distribution as tested by SEM. The cyclic voltammmetry and constant-current charge-discharge tested that Nd-doped spinel displayed a better reversibility and cycleability.     

Studies on crystal morphology and crystallization kinetics of polypropylene filled with CaCO3 of different size and size distribution

Changes in the crystal morphology, crystallinity, and the melting temperature of thermoplastics resulted in significant changes in the mechanical behavior of composites containing them. For this reason, the research of crystal morphology and crystallization kinetics in thermoplastic composites became an important requirement. The thermoplastic filled with the filler of different size gradation was a new method for improving processability of thermoplastic composites. We have previously reported that the melt viscosity of polypropylene (PP) composites, which were filled with 30 wt % CaCO₃ of effective size gradation, could be evidently declined. In this study, two sizes of CaCO₃, 325 meshes and 1500 meshes, were blended by different proportions and filled into PP matrix with 30 wt %. Crystal morphology and isothermal crystallization kinetics of a series of composites were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarizing microscope. The results showed that composites filled with CaCO₃ of effective size gradation leaded to a well‐crystalline order and a large crystal size, while their isothermal crystallization kinetics and crystallization rate constant (k) were declined, and their Avrami exponents (n) and crystallization half‐life (t_1/2) were increased compared with the composites filled with single size CaCO₃. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2437–2444, 2006     

纤维素酶的固体发酵

从来自国内外11株菌株的初步比较,筛选出酶活较高的康氏木霉N_2—78和瑞热埃木霉QM6a。对康氏木霉P_2和土曲霉3.3935所作的纤维素碳源试验中,发现木质纤维素较纯纤维素好,未经处理的木质纤维素比经处理的好。麸皮和稀土对康氏木霉P_2产酶作用影响较大,而对土曲霉3.3935则无明显的影响。     

Preparation of ordered mesoporous SiCN ceramics with large surface area and high thermal stability

For the first time, highly ordered two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) mesoporous SiCN ceramics with high surface area and high thermal stability were prepared by nanocasting a preceramic polymer solution into mesoporous carbon templates, CMK-3 and CMK-8, respectively. As a negative replica of CMK-3 carbon, the obtained mesoporous SiCN ceramic possessed an ordered 2-D hexagonal mesostructure, which is similar to the structure of SBA-15 silica except for the reduced dimensions. An ordered 3-D cubic mesoporous SiCN ceramic was also fabricated using CMK-8 as a template. The wall of the mesoporous SiCN replicas consisted of an amorphous SiCN ceramic phase, which possessed high thermal stability at high temperature up to 1000 °C. N₂-sorption isotherms revealed that these ordered mesoporous SiCN ceramics have high BET surface areas (up to 472 m² g⁻¹) and narrow pore-size distributions, which was preserved even after a re-treatment at 1000 °C in air. The use of carbon template played an important role in the preparation of mesoporous SiCN replicas and enhanced the thermal stability of the SiCN products. It is expected that many other types of ordered mesoporous ceramics can be prepared from nanoporous carbon by nanocasting method.     

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene terephthalate)/montmorillonite nanocomposites

The melt intercalation method was employed to prepare poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, and the microstructures were characterized with X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Then, the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of the nanocomposites was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results showed that the exothermic peaks for the nanocomposites distinctly shifted to lower temperatures at various cooling rates in comparison with that for pure PBT, and with increasing MMT content, the peak crystallization temperature of the PBT/MMT hybrids declined gradually. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics were analyzed by the Avrami, Jeziorny, Ozawa, and Mo methods on the basis of the DSC data. The results revealed that very small amounts of clay (1 wt %) could accelerate the crystallization process, whereas higher clay loadings reduced the rate of crystallization. In addition, the activation energy for the transport of the macromolecular segments to the growing surface was determined by the Kissinger method. The results clearly indicated that the hybrids with small amounts of clay presented lower activation energy than PBT, whereas those with higher clay loadings showed higher activation energy. The MMT content and the crystallization conditions as well as the nature of the matrix itself affected the crystallization behavior of the hybrids. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3257–3265, 2006     

硝酸尾气中NOx测定方法的探讨

1概述 硝酸尾气主要由以下成分组成：少量NOx、93％的N2、3％～5％的O2、惰性气体和硝酸蒸汽。我公司原采用酸碱滴定法测定硝酸尾气中的NOx含量，即用过量氢氧化钠溶液吸收尾气中的NOx，然后用硫酸标准溶液返滴剩余氢氧化钠，由此计算出尾气中的NOx含量。但此法存在很大的弊端：一是将尾气中的硝酸蒸汽当作NOx一起分析，造成分析结果偏高；二是分析误差较大；三是用真空瓶采样，受负压、采样温度、采样装置气密性等因素影响，再现性较差。经过试验后，认为采用盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法检测硝酸尾气中的NOx含量较好。此法操作简便、干扰少、灵敏度较高，精度和准确度都较高，是目前较理想的检测硝酸尾气中NOx含量的方法。     

Graft copolymerization of styrene onto casein initiated by potassium diperiodatonickelate (IV) in alkaline medium

A novel redox system, potassium diperiodatonickelate (Ni(IV))‐casein is used to initiate graft copolymerization of Styrene onto casein under different conditions in aqueous alkaline solution. Graft copolymers with both high grafting efficiency (>98%) and percentage of grafting(>300%) are obtained, which indicated that (Ni(IV))‐casein redox pair is an efficient initiator for this grafting. The effects of reaction parameters, such as monomer‐to‐casein weight ratio, initiator concentration, pH, time, and temperature, are investigated. A tentative initiation mechanism is proposed. The structures and properties of the graft copolymer are characterized by Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction diagrams, and Scanning Electron Microscope. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4247–4251, 2006     

Preparation of rechargeable lithium batteries with poly(methyl methacrylate) based gel polymer electrolyte by <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis>γ-ray irradiation-induced polymerization

An admixture of commercial liquid electrolyte (LB302, 1 M solution of LiPF₆ in 1:1 EC/DEC) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was enclosed in CR2032 cells. The assembled cells were then -ray-irradiated using configurations of half cells and full cells. Through this in situ irradiation polymerization process, we obtained rechargeable lithium ion cells with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based gel polymer electrolytes (GPE). Galvanostatic cycling, AC impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry were employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the cells and the gel polymer electrolyte. This PMMA-based gel polymer electrolyte was found to exhibit a high ionic conductivity (at least 10^–3 S cm^–1) at room temperature. Due to a significant increase in the charge transfer resistance between the GPE and the cathode, the cell impedance of a PMMA-based lithium ion cell is greater than that of a liquid-electrolyte-based cell. The discharge capacity of a LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂/GPE/graphite is approximately 145 mAh g^–1 for the first cycle and decreases to123 mAh g^–1 after 20 cycles. In addition, a large initial cell impedance (LICI) was observed in the irradiated positive half cell. In this paper, we propose a possible mechanism related to the detachment of the PMMA layer from the lithium electrode. This detachment of the PMMA layer from the lithium electrode has not been explicitly discussed previously.     

填料-橡胶间的物理和化学作用Ⅲ.Al2O3,nano-Al2O3及nano-Al2O3/NDZ-101与NR

研究了Al2O3与NR的相互作用,发现二者交互作用的物理交联密度与Al2O3的吸油值和比表面积呈正相关性,与粒径和pH值呈负相关性,与吸油值(结构性)的相关性最大。Al2O3对硫化体系与NR的相互作用有屏蔽效应,使化学交联密度下降,但是与其比表面积和吸油值呈负相关性,与粒径和pH值呈正相关性。微米Al2O3无(4μm)或略有(1μm)增强作用。纳米的(25nm)有较大的增强作用,且全部是物理交联作用的贡献。加入偶联剂后,纳米Al2O3与NR的化学交联率达77.5%,化学交联对拉伸强度的贡献率达89.8%。     

高模量低收缩型涤纶工业丝的生产及发展

叙述了国内外高模量低收缩涤纶工业丝的生产、发展及科技动向。国内发展应强调开发应用和上水平。