Bipolar electric fatigue behaviour as a function of field strength in antiferroelectric (Pb,Ba,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 ceramics

The bipolar electric fatigue behaviour of antiferroelectric ceramics with the composition of Pb_0.88Ba_0.10La_0.02(Zr_0.55Sn_0.35Ti_0.10)O₃ was investigated under various cycling fields. The material exhibits a degradation in the maximum field induced strain, a diffuse AFE-FE phase transition and an enhancement in the diffusion character of the FE-AFE phase transition due to electric cycling. Those variations increase with cycle number, indicating a logarithmic fatigue up to 10⁸ cycles. There is no indication for the variations to be recovered, and the symmetry of the negative and positive parts of the strain hysteresis loops still remains. Higher cycling field results in a stronger deterioration of the maximum field induced strain and a larger extent of diffusion in AFE-FE and FE-AFE phase transitions. The normalized maximum strain shows nearly the same scale of degradation when the materials are cycled at various electric fields. After a heat treatment at 500°C for 1 h, the variations in the AFE-FE and FE-AFE phase transition due to cycling disappear, whereas the maximum strain resumes almost to its original value. Electrochemical variations are considered to contribute to the main fatigue mechanism for the material under investigation.     

An experiment for showing some kind of artificial understanding

In this paper we design an experiment which can be depicted as a simple scenario, a very limited 'world'. In this world, there are an actor that can pursue a project and an observer that is keeping its eyes on the actor. We try to show in the experiment that the observer can to some degree understand the actor based on its knowledge and some metaphors, i.e. understand what the actor is doing and why. As the conclusion of this experiment, we try to show some features of 'understanding'. These are (1) that 'understanding' has to be based on some preliminary knowledge; (2) that 'understanding' is a process of incremental learning; (3) that, as for symbolic systems, some metaphors are necessary for mapping real entities into concepts in mind.     

催化裂化汽油脱硫助剂TS-01的工业试验

中国石油化工股份有限公司九江分公司在I套催化裂化装置进行了TS—0l催化裂化汽油脱硫双功能助剂的工业应用。结果表明：TS—0l剂对催化裂化汽油有较好的脱硫效果。当TS—0l剂注入原料中的量为70μg／g时，对催化裂化汽油的硫脱除率约为20％；注入量为120μg／g时，硫脱除率可达到25％-30％。汽油中脱除的硫主要以硫化氢形态转移至于气、液化气中。TS—01剂对产品分布及产品其它质量无明显影响，该剂亦有良好的金属钝化效果。     

Commercial Test of Multi-functional Desulfurizing Agent TS-01 for Gasoline in FCC Process

Experimental use of multi-functional desulfurizing agent TS-01 for FCC gasoline in the FCC unit of SINOPEC Jiujiang Company shows that the multi-functional desulfurizing agent can effectively remove various kinds of sulfur in FCC gasoline and diesel fuel and fulfill passivation on heavy metals.     

Tensile and flexural creep rupture tests on partially-damaged concrete specimens

Three series of novel tensile and flexural creep tests on partially-damaged concrete specimens were carried out in order to gain some insight into creep crack growth and failure of strain-softening materials. In the tests, each specimen was initially loaded to a given point in the descending branch and thus had a lower load-carrying capacity than that at the peak-point. Then, the specimen was unloaded and reloaded to sustain a load which was from 70% to 95% of its current load-carrying capacity. Experimental creep curves display a three-stage process, consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary stages, with a decreasing, constant and increasing creep rate, respectively. The secondary stage dominates the whole failure lifetime, whereas both the secondary and tertiary stages are important in terms of creep deformation. Failure life-time seems to be more sensitive to the change of load level in flexural tests rather than in tensile tests. The decrease in load-carrying capacity due to damage tends to result in a shorter failure lifetime and a lower critical load level for creep rupture. The descending branch of the static load-deflection or load-CMOD curve may be used as an envelope criterion for creep fracture.     

烧成及热处理工艺对钛酸锶铅基热敏材料性能及显微结构的影响

研究了烧成及热处理工艺对钛酸锶铅基热敏材料的阻温特性及显微结构的影响。通过扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）和能量分散仪（ＥＤＡＸ）分析了材料的显微结构及不同形貌晶粒的成份。通过对组成、烧成及热处理工艺的控制，可得到具有Ｖ型ＰＴＣＲ特性的热敏材料。     

肝癌碘油栓塞后肝区平片所见碘油沉积量与疗效关系

本文分析了90例肝癌肝动脉灌注化疗碘油栓塞后,肝区平片所见碘油沉积量和疗效的关系。碘油沉积分为多,中,少三组,从ATP下降,肿瘤缩小率及一年生存率三方面比较。结果沉积多的与中等组三项都有显著差别;沉积中等的与少的组差别不明显。说明碘油沉积要达到一定的量后,疗效才会显著提高。同时分析了影响碘油沉积的几个因素。     

正交双频光栅CCD系统剪切干涉测量二维温度场

以半导体激光器为光源，利用正交双频光栅（ＯＤＦＧ）ＣＣＤ系统剪切干涉对带平板边界的半圆柱体热源的二维温度场进行实时诊断，分析剪切干涉图时，用柱函数系作为拟合基底，给出二维自然对流温度场的定量分布。     

改善磁盘阵列性能的方法

磁盘阵列是解决计算机Ｉ／Ｏ瓶颈问题的有效方法之一，通过对现有磁盘阵列结构的研究，提出了４种改善磁盘阵列性能的方法，即良分利用磁盘带宽，平衡多盘的负载，减少奇偶检验数据存取时间和磁盘阵列Ｃａｃｈｅ技术等，分析结果表明：在事务处理应用领域，利用Ｃａｃｈｅ来把小写转化为大写可大大改善目前一般情况下，以一道数据大小来作为磁盘的基本存取大小是合适的选择，磁盘阵列负载平衡设计不足是指正常模式下系统请求在多盘间