Influence of growth parameters on the microstructures of erbium films deposited on Si(111) substrates

Erbium films were grown on single crystal Si(111) substrates by electron beam vapor deposition. The microstructures of the erbium films were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Results indicate that the surface morphologies and microstructures of the erbium films with Si as substrates are susceptible to the substrate temperatures when the deposition rates are fixed. The pure erbium films with columnar grains were obtained at temperatures below 200 °C, but in the films grown at temperatures higher than 350 °C, some pinholes that are composed of erbium silicides were found. The pinholes have triangular shapes which is in accordance with the geometry of the underlying Si(111) substrate. The films grown at a substrate temperature equal or greater than 450 °C have cracks which would be formed due to the different shrinkage degree of erbium and silicon when the substrate temperature was cooled down to room temperature. The films grown at 200 °C show the (002) preferred orientation, which is consistent to the prediction by the theory of surface energy minimization. The deposition rate and deposition time are considered as factors to affect the reaction of the erbium film and the silicon substrate.     

Enhanced π–π Interactions of Nonfullerene Acceptors by Volatilizable Solid Additives in Efficient Polymer Solar Cells

Fine‐tuning of the nanoscale morphologies of the active layers in polymer solar cells (PSCs) through various techniques plays a vital role in improving the photovoltaic performance. However, for emerging nonfullerene (NF) PSCs, the morphology optimization of the active‐layer films empirically follows the methods originally developed in fullerene‐based blends and lacks systematic studies. In this work, two solid additives with different volatilities, SA‐4 and SA‐7, are applied to investigate their influence on the morphologies and photovoltaic performances of NF‐PSCs. Although both solid additives effectively promote the molecular packing of the NF acceptors, due to the higher volatility of SA‐4, the devices processed with SA‐4 exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 13.5%, higher than that of the control devices, and the devices processed with SA‐7 exhibit poor performances. Through a series of detailed morphological analyses, it is found that the volatilization of SA‐4 after thermal annealing is beneficial for the self‐assembly packing of acceptors, while the residuals due to the incomplete volatilization of SA‐7 have a negative effect on the film morphology. The results delineate the feasibility of applying volatilizable solid additives and provide deeper insights into the working mechanism, establishing guidelines for further material design of solid additives.     

FAE武器威力评价方法探讨

FAE武器的威力评价方法应包括自身威力评价和毁伤效应评价两个方面,在对既有FAE武器威力评价方法发类评价的基础上,本文结合FAE武器爆炸场特性,综合该武器的各种爆炸作用形式,并兼顾科学与实用的原则,提出了FAE武器自身威力评价方法,研究表明,用FAE爆轰能和广义TNT当量两个指指来评价FAE自身威力能全面反映FAE武器爆炸场持性,适合于FAE武器间的威力对比以及FAE武器与HE武器的威力对比,该评价方法具有普遍性。     

双渠道多级分销网络的预防性库存分拨机制与方法研究

企业通过增加库存量来应对不可延期交货带来的缺货损失的传统运作方式在电子商务催生了线上线下双渠道分销模式后变得捉襟见肘。在双渠道多级分销模式下，传统囤货式的运作模式因多层级、多渠道而产生高额库存成本，这恰恰削弱了双渠道销售的高利润优势。因此，拥有双渠道多级分销网络的企业如何平衡库存成本与缺货损失就成为了本文的研究重点。本文考虑了拥有线上线下双渠道销售的一个由中心仓、区域仓和门店节点构成的三级供应链库存系统，借鉴库存共享思想提出了“预防性库存分拨机制”，即节点内线上线下库存、同层级一对多双向预防性调拨、上下级间一对一单向预防性补货的运作机制，并利用目标级联法(analysis target cascading, ATC)依据预测时间窗内的需求预测结果构建预防性分拨模型。最后以国内某大型进口红酒贸易企业为基础对模型进行仿真和分析，结果表明所提出的预防性库存分拨机制能够有效降低库存成本，为双渠道供应链系统低成本高效率的运作提供了实现的手段。     

井下动液面声波信号处理方法研究

石油采收过程中油井动液面深度监测对确保油井的安全生产非常重要.当使用声波法测量油井动液面深度时,受到套管中复杂结构的影响,井口接收到的声波信号的接箍波和液面回波易受到噪声的干扰,导致传统的信号处理方法很难计算声波的速度和旅行时间,从而无法获得油井动液面深度.针对这一问题,首先对接箍波进行巴特沃斯低通滤波,采用短时平均幅度差函数来获取接箍波的平均采样次数,以此来计算声波在油井中传播的速度;在此基础上,对液面回波进行小波去噪,采用小波奇异值检测方法来获取液面回波位置,以此来计算起爆波和液面回波位置的时间差,进而实现油井动液面深度的检测.为了更加直观方便地对比处理效果,设计了基于MATLAB的可视化数据处理软件.选取多组采油现场获得的声波信号进行测试,结果表明,测量绝对误差控制在1 m以内,相对误差不超过0.075％,与其他信号处理方法(相对误差范围0.3％～0.5％)相比,所提的方法误差较小,能够较好地满足实际工程中的需求.     

Comparison of modified injection molding and conventional machining in biodegradable behavior of perforated cannulated magnesium hip stents

In this study,perforated cannulated magnesium(Mg)hip stents were fabricated via modified Mg injection molding and conventional machining,respectively.Additionally,the stent canal was filled with paraffin to simulate injection of biomaterials.The microstructure,mechanical performance,corrosion behavior,and biocompatibility were comparably studied.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)showed higher affinity of interstitial element such as oxygen and carbon as consequences of routine molding process.After immersion in SBF,machining stents showed reduced degradation rate and increased deposition of calcium phosphate compared to molding stents.Corrosion resistance was improved via paraffin-filling.Consistently,the hemolysis and in vitro osteoblast cell culture models showed favourable biocompatibility in machining stents compared to molding ones,which was improved by paraffin-filling treatment as well.These results implied that the feasibility of the prepared machining stents as the potential in vivo orthopaedic application where slower degradation is required,which could be enhanced by designing canal-filling injection of biomaterials as well.     

提高水电供区供电质量的思考

本文通过调查了解,分析了小水电供区供电质量存在的问题,并结合安徽水电岳西有限责任公司所属电网实际情况提出一些解决方案。     

磨粒径向分布对电感式磨粒传感器测试结果的影响

根据电感平衡原理,设计了用于磨粒在线测量的电感式磨粒传感器.分析了传感器的测试原理和磨粒通过传感器线圈时径向分布对测试结果的影响.通过计算线圈内测试面的磁场分布,提出了提高线圈测试面磁场均匀性的设计准则.建立了磨粒位置偏离线圈中心时,磨粒磁化场的磁通求解模型.模型计算结果表明,磨粒径向位置的改变,使得线圈各横截面上磁化场的磁通发生了变化.当线圈达到一定长度后,磁化场的磁链变化很小.因此在保证传感器线圈测试面磁场均匀性和线圈长度的前提下,磨粒径向分布对测试结果的影响可忽略.研究结论为分析电感式磨粒传感器测试结果一致性和优化传感器的结构设计提供了理论依据.     

车辆虚拟试验场的路面建模方法研究

路面建模是车辆虚拟试验场研究的关键问题。为此提出了1种三维路面生成的通用方法,首先通过滤波白噪声法生成一定等级路面不平度序列,然后按照一定规则将所生成的大量不平度序列转化成ADAMS/Car识别的虚拟路面文件。该方法可用于生成各类虚拟试验场路面,为建立基于ADAMS/Car的虚拟试验场仿真路面提供了有效的方法和手段。     

基于EXB 841的IGBT驱动电路设计及优化

介绍了绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)器件驱动电路设计的一般要求．对EXB841芯片的工作过程作了深入的分析,研究了EXB841对IGBT的开通和关断以及过流保护的原理．指出了用EXB841直接驱动IGBT时存在的问题和不足,主要是过流保护的阀值太高、关断不可靠及在软关断时没有对外部输入信号进行封锁。同时,提出了针对这些不足在设计驱动电路时应当采取的几种有效方法最后,运用EXB841及其他器件设计和优化了一个IGBT的驱动电路．该驱动电路通过电力电子仿真软件PSPICE(Simulation Program with IC Emphasis)仿真和试验证明能够有效地对IGBT器件进行驱动和过电流保护。