Corrosion behaviors of cold rolling automotive sheets coated with anti- rust oil

To investigate the corrosion performance of commercial automotive cold rolling sheets under severe atmospheric environment, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to detect the electrochemical behaviors of three types of cold rolling sheets and a humid- temper test was carried out to explore the corrosion behavior under shipping and storage environments. Meanwhile, the effects of surface status and micro- structure of the sheets on the corrosion behaviors were analyzed based upon the results of profile measurements, contact angle tests and metallographic analysis.The results show that with the same load of anti- rust oil, 590DP steel presents the largest electric resistance of oil film and charge transfer resistance, and the longest incubation period of rust under storage environment. All these good properties could be assigned to the surface profile of the steel. However, the generation rate rust turns to be faster later on, which can be attributed to its dual- phase microstructure. In sum, the surface wetting status of different types of sheets are almost the same, which has no significant effect on the corrosion performance of the steels. Comparatively, surface profile of the steels plays an important role during the initial stage of corrosion, and the difference in microstructure has a more remarkable influence on the development stage of corrosion.     

Distribution law of flow field and temperature field in electroslag remelting withdrawal process

A three- dimensional mathematical model was developed to describe the interaction of multiple physical fields during the electroslag remelting withdrawal (ESRW) process. Flow fields and temperature fields of the ESRW system were simulated by commercial software ANSYS. The flow fields, temperature fields and the shapes of the molten pool during the ESRW process with different electrode immersed depths and slag heights were analyzed and compared. The temperature of ingot surface was measured, and the accuracy of simulation results was verified. The results show that there are two pairs of vortexes in slag bath during the ESRW process. A pair of large vortexes turns counterclockwise, and another pair of small vortexes rotates clockwise. The speed of slag increases with the increasing of immersion depths of the electrode, and decreases with the increasing of slag heights. There are two high temperature zones in the slag bath, and the temperature in the slag bath is higher than that in the metal bath. The temperature of ESRW system (electrode, slag bath and ingot) becomes higher with the increasing of immersion depths of the electrode, whereas becomes lower with increasing of slag heights.     

冲激超宽带雷达生命信号提取的新方法

冲激超宽带生命探测雷达中,传统的平均相消法不能有效去除直达波,从而影响目标回波信号的提取;同时对回波数据中呼吸、心跳信息的提取仍然基于FFT从频域上进行,因而呼吸信号谐波对心跳信号检测的干扰未得到很好解决.针对这两个问题,采用宽带互相关法对回波时延进行估计,然后提取各个回波时延序列的均值与方差作为特征量,采用C-均值聚类算法对回波进行分类,实现直达波与目标回波的分离;采用经验模态分解将目标回波时延序列分解成有限个固有模态函数,从时域上提取呼吸和心跳信号,从而避免呼吸谐波对心跳信号检测的干扰.     

1-MCP处理对库尔勒香梨货架期香气成分及品质的影响

以库尔勒香梨为实材,研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对库尔勒香梨果实在货架期(22~25 ℃、RH 80%~85%)期间香气成分的种类及品质的影响。结果表明:在货架期期间,1-MCP处理组和对照组香梨果实共检测出7类100种香气成分。与货架期(210+3) d相比,1.0、5.0 μL/L 1-MCP处理组和对照组果实在(210+6) d 时,香气成分分别增加了16种、15种、14种,在(210+9) d时分别增加了19种、14种、7种。在货架期期间受到抑制的香气成分为醇类,与货架期(210+3) d相比,货架期(210+9) d时,1.0、5.0 μL/L 1-MCP处理组和对照组果实醇类相对含量下降了90.26%、96.48%、91.41%。1-MCP处理可以促进香梨果实香气成分的挥发,延缓果实色度角、硬度和V_C含量的下降,抑制蜡质含量的上升,延长货架期品质,香气成分变化与品质分析结果一致。     

用于制备SOI材料的基于硅片键合和双层多孔硅剥离的薄外延硅膜转移技术

采用在阳极化反应时改变电流强度的办法 ,在高掺杂的 P型硅 (111)衬底上制备了具有不同多孔度的双层结构多孔硅层 .用超高真空电子束蒸发技术在多孔硅表面外延生长了一层高质量的单晶硅膜 .在室温下 ,该外延硅片同另一生长有热二氧化硅的硅片键合在一起 ,在随后的热处理过程中 ,键合对可在多孔硅处裂开 ,从而使外延的单晶硅膜转移到具有二氧化硅的衬底上以形成 SOI结构 .扫描电镜、剖面投射电镜、扩展电阻和霍尔测试表明 SOI样品具有较好的结构和电学性能     

含硅量及等温时间对奥贝球墨铸铁机械性能的影响

探讨了含硅量及等温时间对奥贝球铁冰冷处理前后机械性能及低温冲击韧性的影响。试验表明,随着含硅量的增加,不但冷处理前常温机械性能提高,而且冰冷处理后的机械性能及低温冲击韧性也提高。而含硅3.39％和3.68％的机械性能已趋一致,等温时间为120分钟的试样,冰冷处理前后的机械性能和低温冲击韧性均最高。     

加氢还原新工艺及设备

介绍了二硝基甲苯液相加氢还原制备二氨基甲苯的生产工艺 ,催化剂采用含 0 1%～ 0 3%骨架镍的浆状催化剂 ,反应温度为 10 0℃ ,氢气压力在 15～ 2 0MPa,所得二氨基甲苯的纯度为 99%。还介绍了带复合式搅拌器的加氢反应釜、环式加氢反应器、循环反应器、卧式连续加氢反应器和三相固定床反应器。     

Polymerization of styrene using novel bispyrazolylimine dinickel (II)/methylaluminoxane catalytic systems

The polymerization of styrene with a series of bispyrazolylimine dinickel (II) complexes of bis‐2‐(C₃HN₂(R₁)₂‐3,5)(C(R₂) = N(C₆H₃(CH₃)₂‐2,6)Ni₂Br₄ (complex 1 : R₁ = CH₃, R₂ = Ph; complex 2 : R₁ = CH₃, R₂ = 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl; complex 3 : R₁ = R₂ = Ph; complex 4 : R₁ = Ph, R₂ = 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl) in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) was studied. The influences of polymerization parameters such as polymerization temperature, Al/Ni molar ratio, reaction time, and catalyst concentration on catalytic activity and molecular weight of the polystyrene were investigated in detail. The influence of the bulkiness of the substituents on polymerization activity was also studied. All of the four catalytic systems exhibited high activity (up to 10.50 × 10⁵ gPS/(mol Ni h)) for styrene polymerization and provide polystyrene with moderate to low molecular weights (M_w = 4.76 × 10⁴–0.71 × 10⁴ g/mol) and narrower molecular weight distributions about 2. The obtained polystyrene was characterized by means of FTIR, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR techniques. The results indicated that the polystyrene was atactic polymer. The analysis of the end groups of polystyrene indicated that styrene polymerization with bispyrazolylimine dinickel complexes/MAO catalytic systems proceeded through a coordination mechanism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.     

Production of L‐lactic acid with very high gravity distillery wastewater from ethanol fermentation by a newly isolated Enterococcus hawaiiensis

BACKGROUND: A great amount of wastewater with high contents of chemical oxygen demand (COD) are produced by ethanol production. It would be useful to utilize distillery wastewater to produce L‐lactic acid, which could be a high additional value byproduct of ethanol production. The fermentation process of L‐lactic acid production by a newly isolated Enterococcus hawaiiensis CICIM‐CU B0114 is reported for the first time. RESULTS: The strain produced 56 g L^?1 of L‐lactic acid after cultivation for 48 h in optimized medium consisting of (g L^?1) 80 glucose, 10 peptone, 10 yeast extract, 1.5 Na₂HPO₄ and 0.2 MgSO₄. E. hawaiiensis CICIM‐CU B0114 was isolated and purified by subculture for growing and producing L‐lactic acid in distillery wastewater of very high gravity (VHG) from ethanol fermentation. L‐lactic acid fermentation was further studied with distillery wastewater substrate in 7 L and 15 L fermentors. The results showed that L‐lactic acid concentrations of 52 g L^?1 and 68 g L^?1 was achieved in 7 L and 15 L fermentors with the initial sugar concentrations of 67 g L^?1 and 87 g L^?1, respectively. CONCLUSION: The production of L‐lactic acid by the newly isolated E. hawaiiensis CICIM‐CU B0114 was carried out and the fermentation medium was optimized by orthogonal experimental design. This new strain holds the promise of L‐lactic acid production utilizing distillery wastewater from VHG ethanol fermentation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于行驶工况的纯电动城市客车动力系统参数匹配优化

利用GPS设备对西安城市公交典型线路的行驶工况数据进行实时采集,用聚类分析法和多目标优化法构建出瞬态工况和模态工况。基于已构建工况,通过分析实际道路需求功率和样车参数,完成电机和电池选型,并合理匹配出电机、电池和传动系参数。以传动系参数为优化变量,整车经济性为优化目标建立数学模型,运用模拟退火粒子群优化算法对传动系速比进行优化计算。运用CRUISE软件建立整车仿真模型,设计动力性和经济性计算任务进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明优化前后车辆动力性均满足设计要求,优化后循环工况下续驶里程增加了1.71 km。