基于W-BiLSTM的可再生能源超短期发电功率预测方法

针对现有新能源超短期预测方法难以有效挖掘和分析数据的固有波动规律,且当时序过长时易丢失重要信息等问题,提出了一种基于注意力(Attention)机制的小波分解-双向长短时记忆网络(W-BiLSTM)超短期风、光发电功率预测方法.首先,利用小波分解提取输入时间序列的时域信息和频域信息.随后,考虑双向信息流,采用双向长短时记忆网络(BiLSTM)进行预测,引入注意力机制,通过映射加权和学习参数矩阵赋予BiLSTM隐含状态不同的权重,有选择性地获取更多有效信息.最后,通过实际数据进行仿真验证.仿真结果表明,所提模型与现有模型相比,具有良好的预测性能.     

基于馈线树动态拓扑的高容错故障定段方法

开关的投切和分布式电源的渗透使得配电网拓扑和运行方式复杂多变,给馈线故障定段带来挑战。提出把馈线拓扑分解为树枝和分叉区两种连接单元的馈线树故障定段法。通过智能馈线终端单元识别馈线上各开关的状态变化以实时更新馈线拓扑信息,计算树枝状态函数。根据节点共识容错判据进行故障区段可信度判断,进一步结合分叉区状态进行交叉验证。对节点信息正方向的定义以过流前潮流信息为基准,解决有源配电网故障电流的方向定义问题。最后通过算例验证所提方法的优越性。     

How can the integration of renewable energy and power-to-gas benefit industrial facilities? From techno-economic,policy, and environmental assessment

This paper applies a mixed integer linear programming model developed in GAMS to simulate the integration of Power-to-Gas infrastructure into an industrial manufacturer's energy system subject to the existing thermal and electrical energy demands, as well as a third hydrogen energy profile. This work is novel in that it assesses the challenges and economic incentives available to make feasible the installation of a hydrogen-based energy storage systems within the Province of Ontario from a techno-economic, policy and environmental perspectives.The energy hub analyzed in this work uses electricity from the power grid and solar PVs to meet the manufacturer's demands, while converting the excess to hydrogen gas, which is used across an array of pathways to generate revenue. ThisThis includes a blend ofof hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), hydrogen for forklifts, and the direct injection of hydrogen into the facility's natural gas, adding renewable content to the heating, and manufacturing processes. Our primary objective was to implement a safe design that minimizes capital and operating costs, resulting in a favorable business case for producing hydrogen, and providing ancillary grid services. However, Power-to-Gas creates a net-emission reduction that can be used not only to sell emission allowances in the provincial carboncarbon tax program for up to $30/t-CO_2eq but to assist the Company in achieving their strategic emission reduction targets.Installation of the selected Power-to-Gas system would require a total capital investment of $2,620,448 with the electrolyzers and solar panels accounting for 41% and 17% of the capital costs, respectively. The compressors will account for most of the operating costs which total $237,653 annually. Within the energy hub, 76,073 kg-H₂ has been produced per year for end-use applications. A sensitivity analysis was performed by varying both hydrogen and carbon credit price which predicted a potentialpotential CO₂ offset of 2359.7 tonne/yr with a payback period of as little as 2.8 years.     

The experimental and numerical investigation of a grooved vapor chamber

An effective thermal spreader can achieve more uniform heat flux distribution and thus enhance heat dissipation of heat sinks. Vapor chamber is one of highly effective thermal spreaders. In this paper, a novel grooved vapor chamber was designed. The grooved structure of the vapor chamber can improve its axial and radial heat transfer and also can form the capillary loop between condensation and evaporation surfaces. The effect of heat flux, filling amount and gravity to the performance of this vapor chamber is studied by experiment. From experiment, we also obtained the best filling amount of this grooved vapor chamber. By comparing the thermal resistance of a solid copper plate with that of the vapor chamber, it is suggested that the critical heat flux condition should be maintained to use vapor chamber as efficient thermal spreaders for electronics cooling. A two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model for the grooved vapor chamber is developed. The numerical simulation results show the thickness distribution of liquid film in the grooves is not uniform. The temperature and velocity field in vapor chamber are obtained. The thickness of the liquid film in groove is mainly influenced by pressure of vapor and liquid beside liquid–vapor interface. The thin liquid film in heat source region can enhance the performance of vapor chamber, but if the starting point of liquid film is backward beyond the heat source region, the vapor chamber will dry out easily. The optimal filling ratio should maintain steady thin liquid film in heat source region of vapor chamber. The vapor condenses on whole condensation surface, so that the condensation surface achieves great uniform temperature distribution. By comparing the experimental results with numerical simulation results, the reliability of the numerical model can be verified.     

Improving local forest volume estimates by fusion of multi-temporal forest type maps

An alternative method for estimating standing wood volume based on the fusion of multi-temporal forest type maps and single reduced associated ground-based inventories is proposed. With the integration of photo-interpreted forest map realizations from different years into a single “Fused Map” resulting in an improved local estimate of the forest type, the proposed method offers more accurate estimates than the approach traditionally used by the Quebec Ministry of Natural Resources, even with reduced ground-based inventory effort. A Fused Map is basically an adapted mean of local forest type that accounts for differences among the classification systems used for each map, temporal differences between maps, and subjectivity associated with photo-interpreted data.     

Interface chemistry in carbon fibre/epoxy matrix composites

Microcomposite test methods were used to measure the properties of the interphase of HTA/922 carbon/epoxy composites. The shear strength of the interphase resin is lower than that of the bulk resin. It is suggested that the discrepancy arises from changes in resin chemistry at the fibre/matrix interface. Bulk resin samples where the proportions of the constituents had been altered were tested. Resin with a reduced level of hardener matched the mechanical behaviour of the interphase resin. It is concluded that, for the system examined, the interphase resin had a lower hardener concentration than the bulk resin.     

A novel photovoltaic maximum power point tracking technique based on grasshopper optimized fuzzy logic approach

The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in the PV system has become complex due to the stochastic nature of the load, intermittency in solar irradiance and ambient temperature. To address this problem, a novel Grasshopper optimized fuzzy logic control (FLC) approach based MPPT technique is proposed in this paper. In this proposed MPPT, grasshopper optimization is used to tune the membership functions (MFs) of FLC to handle all uncertainties caused by variable irradiances and temperatures. The performance of the proposed grasshopper optimized FLC based MPPT is studied under rapidly changing irradiance and temperature. The proposed MPPT overcomes the limitations such as slow convergence speed, steady-state oscillations, lower tracking efficiency as encountered in conventional methods viz. perturb & observed (P&O) and FLC techniques. The feasibility of the proposed MPPT is validated through experimentation. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is compared with P&O and also with FLC MPPT.     

Magnetizing inrush current identification using wavelet based gaussian mixture models

The paper presents a novel differential protection approach based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). This method has the advantages of high accuracy and low computational burden. Two common transients such as magnetizing inrush current and internal fault which their mis-identification may lead to mal-operation of differential relays are considered. GMM, the powerful probabilistic pattern classifier is trained with the features extracted by discrete wavelet transform to reduce the computational time of training procedure and enhance the discrimination accuracy. Training data sets are achieved using k-means clustering algorithm. Based on the proposed algorithm, a high speed differential relaying (a quarter of a cycle) without dependency on a specific threshold is performed. The suitable performance of this method is demonstrated by simulation of different faults and switching conditions on a power transformer in PSCAD/EMTDC software. Sympathetic and recovery inrush currents were also simulated and investigated. The proposed algorithm is also evaluated by the data collected from a prototype laboratory power transformer. It provides a high operating sensitivity for internal faults and remains stable for inrush currents even in noisy conditions. Since the discrimination method is done with stochastic characteristics of signals without application of any deterministic index, more reliable and accurate classification is achieved.     

HVDC地中直流对交流系统影响的防范措施

针对直流输电系统处于单极大地回路运行方式时对交流电网运行带来的噪声、谐波、振动等不利影响,比较全面地对各种抑制地中直流影响的措施进行了对比分析。基于地中电流的成因与流散规律分析,提出了采用直流接地极与交流变电站选址优化、无接地极运行或多极共址运行方式、合理结构型式变压器的选择等主动防范措施减小地中直流的影响。结合作者的研究成果,就国内外目前抑制变压器中性点直流采取的注入反向电流、中性点串入电容、中性点串入电阻等措施进行了对比分析。通过分析串电阻措施的关键问题,认为该方案结构简洁,长期运行可靠性高,不会产生谐振,成本低廉,建议在现场使用。该研究成果为解决交直流电网并列运行安全稳定运行提供了有益的建议。     

调度EMS系统数据在运行管理中的应用

通过调度EMS系统(自动化系统)提供的标准数据访问接口获取EMS系统数据,应用于运行管理信息系统,实现了运行信息系统中设备台账自动生成、设备监视信号按监控业务要求分类展示等实用功能。