Influence of porosity and fibre coating on engineering elastic moduli of fibre-reinforced ceramics (SiC/SiC)

Porosity generally has a large influence on the modulus of monolithic ceramics. Little, however, is known about its influence in fibre-reinforced ceramics. In the present investigation the influence of porosity on the elastic moduli, i.e. the longitudinal modulus E_L, the transverse modulus E_T and the longitudinal shear modulus G_LT, of unidirectional SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites is studied. SiC fibres (Nicalon NLM 202) with pyrocarbon coatings of different thicknesses were chemically vapour impregnated by SiC. The axial tensile modulus proved to be little influenced by a porosity content of 13–14%. In fact, the measured modulus was 4–7% smaller than the value predicted with the classical linear rule of mixtures making use of elastic constants of each component and assuming porosity does not reduce the moduli of the different components. On the other hand, the shear and transverse moduli are excessively reduced by the presence of porosity. For a porosity content of 14%, the reduction is roughly 50 and 60% compared with theoretical values for pore insensitive and dense material computed with the model of composite cylinder assemblage and the polarization extremum principle. Finally, the influence of pore morphology on the elastic moduli is discussed.     

WC涂层纳米划痕过程中摩擦学性能及演化特征的分子动力学研究

为研究纳米划擦过程中WC涂层纳米级摩擦演化特征,利用大型原子/分子大规模并行模拟器建立了不同条件（载荷、划痕深度、划痕速度）下的分子动力学模拟模型。结果表明：摩擦力和摩擦系数随着划痕深度的增加而增大;当压头划擦试样时,沿划痕方向在压头前方及凹槽两侧的原子被挤压、剪切、堆积。瞬时摩擦曲线在初始阶段和稳定阶段表现出明显的摩擦学特征,摩擦过程中压头下方区域晶体出现错位、滑移、间隙或空位。随着划痕速度的增加,体系应变能超过原子间相互约束,原子突破约束,在划痕沟槽两侧堆积,堆积的表面形貌和外缘变得粗糙,亚表面晶体结构产生缺陷。本研究有助于在纳米尺度了解WC涂层摩擦过程的微观磨损机理。     

标准操作冲击电压下220 kV GIS中典型缺陷局部放电特征

通过在实验室搭建的冲击电压下220 kV GIS局部放电测试系统,研究了在220 kV GIS母线段中设置典型缺陷在标准操作冲击电压下局部放电特性.大量试验表明,在标准操作冲击电压下,局部放电具有较工频具有显著性差异.局部放电从PDIV开始就表现出较高的放电脉冲幅值、放电次数以及更宽的放电区域范围,此趋势随着施加电压的上升而越明显,且负极性的放电概率要高于正极性下的放电.     

Ta1/0Cr18Ni9薄板储能焊熔核高熵化机理

针对钽与钢之间物化性质差异大,焊接时易产生脆性金属间化合物而导致熔焊接头性能低下及裂纹等问题,按照熔核金属高熵化技术思路,利用基于密度泛函理论的热力学第一性原理设计出新型中间层合金Ta₂₀Fe₂₀Ni₂₀Cr₂₀Co₂₀,结合熔合比得到适用于钽/钢储能焊中间层合金成分为Ta₇Ni₃₂Cr₁₉Co₄₂. 采用真空电弧炉熔制纽扣合金锭,继而使用单辊急冷法制备出中间合金箔材,将其用于Ta1/0Cr18Ni9薄板的储能焊连接. 结果表明,在储能焊条件下,Ta1/Ta₇Ni₃₂Cr₁₉Co₄₂/0Cr18Ni9搭接接头形成形貌规则、完整,长径约0.8 mm的扁球形熔核,熔核整体向钢侧发生了偏移. 熔核组织由简单的FCC固溶体组成,无金属间化合物析出,具有典型的高熵合金特征,实现了熔核金属高熵化. 在焊接电压1 000 V,电容500 μF,电极压力30 N下,Ta1/Ta₇Ni₃₂Cr₁₉Co₄₂/0Cr18Ni9储能焊接头平均强度可达到395 MPa.     

热等静压处理对K439B高温合金显微组织的影响

对K439B合金进行了1165 ℃/150 MPa,4 h热等静压处理,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对比研究了铸态和热等静压态K439B合金的显微组织。结果表明:铸态K439B合金存在0.25%的显微疏松,热等静压后显微疏松基本消除(0.013%)。与铸态相比,经过热等静压处理后合金中的γ/γ′共晶组织体积分数和尺寸减小,各元素分布更加均匀,凝固偏析系数均更接近1。铸态K439B合金枝晶干处γ′相尺寸和体积分数分别是116.9 nm和17.8%,枝晶间部位γ′相尺寸和体积分数分别为244.4 nm和24.9%。热等静压后合金枝晶干部位的γ′相尺寸及体积分数分别为148.0 nm和17.5%,枝晶间部位γ′相尺寸和体积分数分别为159.1 nm和22.8%。热等静压处理使合金枝晶干、枝晶间部位的γ′相尺寸、体积分数和形貌接近,同时γ′相分布变得均匀。     

钆对Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd合金铸态组织与力学性能的影响

采用锂盐熔剂保护熔铸Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd(x=1,3,5)合金铸锭,研究钆含量对铸态合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Mg-8Li-4Zn-xGd合金基体由α-Mg(HCP)和β-Li(BCC)双相构成。随着钆含量的增加,Mg5Gd共晶相和Zn12Gd化合物相逐渐连成网状,将基体α+β双相隔离成20~40μm的等轴状或类似于铸铁中的共晶团状,可有效细化α-Mg相和连续的β-Li相;组织中大颗粒Mg2Zn11相弥散分布在β-Li相内,Mg51Zn20相分布在α-Mg晶界处;锌元素还可以在β-Li相中析出细小弥散分布的MgZn相,其数量随钆含量的增加而增加,可直接弥散强化β-Li相。此外,锌和钆对合金硬度的影响较大,随着钆含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度提高,但伸长率降低。     

硅直接键合(SDB)技术在新型电力电子器件应用中的新进展

综述了硅直接键合（SDB）技术在绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）、静电感应晶闸管（SITH）及MOS控制可关断晶闸管（MTO）等器件中的新应用,说明了SDB技术在新型电力电子器件应用中的新方法和新思路。在此基础上,提出了用SDB技术制作集成门极换流晶闸管（IGCT）和集成门极双晶体管（IGDT）的设想,并给出了相应的工艺方案。     

紫苏球蛋白乳化性及其O/W乳液的稳定性研究

将紫苏籽粉碎过60目筛后采用石油醚脱脂得到紫苏籽脱脂粉,采用osborne法提取紫苏球蛋白,研究其乳化性质,并将其应用于水包油(oil in water,O/W)乳液,进一步研究紫苏球蛋白浓度对乳液稳定性影响.结果表明,紫苏脱脂粉中球蛋白含量较高,其溶解性、乳化活性和乳化稳定性在pH 2～9,呈现U型曲线;球蛋白质量浓...     

A parallel distributed knowledge-based system for turbine generator fault diagnosis

Real-time fault diagnosis for turbine generators is a fairly complex problem. Parallel processing and distributed artificial intelligence (DAI), as rapidly emerging and promising technologies, provide powerful tools for solving this difficult problem. Based on the study of the basic fault diagnosis process for turbine generators, the idea of parallel processing and DAI is introduced into the field of fault diagnosis. Parallelism at four different levels in the fault diagnosis process is proposed. It lays down the theoretical basis for the development of a real-time parallel distributed fault diagnosing system for the turbine generator of a 300 MW fossil power plant. The diagnostic system can continuously monitor the vibration of the turbine generator as well as various process data.