A novel repetition space-time coding scheme for mobile FSO systems

In this paper,we present an innovative method of double balanced differential configuration,in which two adjacent single photon avalanche diodes(SPADs)from the same wafer are configured as the first balanced structure,and the output signal from the first balanced stage is subtracted by the attenuated gate driving signal as the second balanced stage.The compact device is cooled down to 236 K to be characterized.At a gate repetition rate of 400 MHz and a1 550 nm laser repetition rate of 10 MHz,the maximum photon detection efficiency of 13.5%can be achieved.The dark count rate is about 10-4 ns-1 at photon detection efficiency of 10%.The afterpulsing probability decreases with time exponentially.It is shown that this configuration is effective to discriminate the ultra-weak avalanche signal in high speed gating rates.     

Alcohol-assisted rapid growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays

Millimeter-to-centimeter scale vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays are widely studied because of their immense potential in a range of applications. Catalyst control during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is key to maintain the sustained growth of VACNT arrays. Herein, we achieved ultrafast growth of VACNT arrays using Fe/Al₂O₃ catalysts by ethanol-assisted two-zone CVD. One zone was set at temperatures above 850 °C to pyrolyze the carbon source and the other zone was set at 760 °C for VACNT deposition. By tuning synthesis parameters, up to 7 mm long VACNT arrays could be grown within 45 min, with a maximal growth rate of ∼280 μm/min. Our study indicates that the introduction of alcohol vapor and separation of growth zones from the carbon decomposition zone help reduce catalyst particle deactivation and accelerate the carbon source pyrolysis, leading to the promotion of VACNT array growth. We also observed that the catalyst film thickness did not significantly affect the CNT growth rate and microstructures under the conditions of our study. Additionally, the ultralong CNTs showed better processability with less structural deformation when exposed to solvent and polymer solutions. Our results demonstrate significant progress towards commercial production and application of VACNT arrays.     

光学遥感对地成像过程中的邻近效应模拟分析

光学遥感的邻近效应可以看作大气点扩散函数(PSF)和地表辐射场的卷积,通过逆向蒙特卡罗法模拟大气PSF,利用辐射传输模型MODTRAN计算地表辐射场,获得遥感器入瞳处的辐亮度值.开展不同对比度目标背景物在典型条件下的邻近效应模拟与分析,结果显示:目标和背景的反射率分布对邻近效应影响很大,背景反射率越大,邻近效应占总辐射的比例越高;暗目标在亮背景下的邻近效应明显大于亮目标在暗背景下的邻近效应;固定成像高度和区域,空间分辨率越高,邻近效应越明显;地面气象视距对邻近效应的影响非常显著,气象视距增大,邻近效应减弱;太阳天顶角增大,邻近效应减弱.模拟结果为高分辨率光学遥感成像系统高精度建模和邻近效应校正算法研究提供了依据.     

60km车载瑞利测风激光雷达研制

目前我国尚缺乏25~60 km大气风场实时探测手段,为此研制了60 km车载瑞利测风激光雷达。介绍了系统总体结构,对分系统的研制做了详细描述。为提高风场反演的精度,设计了标准具通过率函数校准系统。提出了标准具通过率函数校准方法,并开展实验对标准具通过率函数进行了校准。校准结果表明,接收机性能稳定,各参数测量标准差均小于0.06。该系统在德令哈地区对15~60 km大气风场进行了观测,获得了水平风场的测量结果,并与当地探空气球的探测结果进行了比对,30 km以下一致性较好。对风速、风向测量误差进行了计算,40 km以下,风速测量误差4 m/s,风向测量误差6,40 km以上,风速测量误差8 m/s,风向测量误差18。该系统设计合理,性能稳定,能够实时探测10~60 km大气风场。     

镁合金黑色微弧氧化膜在NaCl溶液中腐蚀电化学演变

目的 评价镁合金黑色微弧氧化热控膜层在氯离子作用下的腐蚀演变行为.方法 在电解液中添加不同浓度的添加剂制备微弧氧化膜层,分析不同微弧氧化膜试样在0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中的电化学演变过程.采用电化学极化、电化学交流阻抗表征和拟合,结合扫描电镜等方法,对膜层演变规律及机理进行了探讨.结果 未经微弧氧化的镁合金自腐蚀电流密度为17.7 μA/cm2,自腐蚀电位为-1.464 V;经微弧氧化后,试样自腐蚀电流密度减小至0.09 μA/cm2,自腐蚀电位下降至-1.628 V.添加剂加入后制备的微弧氧化膜相比于镁合金基体,其耐蚀性能提高,且随着添加剂浓度的增加,耐蚀效果呈现先增加、后减弱的趋势,添加剂质量浓度在10 g/L时制备的膜层具有最好的防腐效果.镁合金微弧氧化热控膜层在NaCl溶液中腐蚀过程分为三个阶段:一是腐蚀性离子进入多孔膜层,引起界面熔融层变化;二是MgO与水分子反应造成内层膜更加致密,阻抗有所增加;三是腐蚀溶液接触到部分镁合金基底,发生电化学腐蚀,形成楔形效应,引发裂纹,最终导致局部腐蚀失效.结论 微弧氧化提高了膜层的耐蚀性能,其在0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀过程可分为介质进入孔内、水合反应和局部腐蚀三个阶段.     

喷射电沉积技术制备Co-Cr_3C_2复合镀层的工艺优化

为提高微米级硬质陶瓷颗粒在金属基复合镀层的含量,制备性能优异的防护性镀层,采用喷射电沉积的方法在直流电压下制备了Co-Cr_3C_2复合镀层,利用控制变量法探讨了电流密度、固体颗粒用量、镀液流量以及喷枪移动速度等对镀层中颗粒含量及镀层性能的影响,并分析了各因素的影响机理。同时,分别采用能谱仪、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机对复合镀层的成分、硬度和摩擦因数进行分析,最终确定了制备该复合镀层的较优工艺参数。结果显示:喷头移动速度对颗粒复合量的影响最为显著;颗粒复合量越大,复合镀层硬度越高、摩擦因数越低;在较优工艺参数下制备的Co-Cr_3C_2复合镀层的Cr_3C_2颗粒含量高达23.6%。     

新型拉压复合型锚杆锚固性能研究Ⅲ：现场试验

针对传统拉力型锚杆存在受力集中、锚固体与岩土体界面黏结强度发挥不充分、抗拔承载力偏低的问题,研发了一种新型拉压复合型锚杆。通过开展现场破坏性试验,对拉力型锚杆及拉压复合型锚杆的承载能力、荷载位移曲线及应变数据进行分析,结果表明：3组拉压复合型锚杆TC12-3、TC11-1、TC21锚杆的平均破坏荷载分别提高至拉力型锚杆的2.81,2.01,2.52倍;拉压复合型锚杆套管内的拉力传递损失率最大为20.5%,在自由段内的拉力传递损失率最大仅为6.8%,拉力传递损失主要发生在承压锚固段上;TC12-3锚杆的受拉锚固段长度最短,单位受拉锚固段长度分担荷载最高;TC21-1锚杆的承压锚固段最短,单位承压锚固段长度分担荷载最高;锚杆破坏时,TC12-3、TC11-1、TC21-1锚杆的受拉承载系数分别为0.398,0.470,0.600;且TC11-1锚杆表现为承压锚固段与受拉锚固段同时破坏,TC12-3、TC21-1锚杆表现为先后破坏;拉压复合型锚杆锚固性能显著提高主要是由于荷载分解作用,界面剪应力双向传递机制及短锚承载效应;从荷载位移曲线来看,拉压复合型锚杆具有较好的抗变形能力,在岩土锚固工程中,具有显著的优势和广阔的应用前景。     

新型拉压复合型锚杆锚固性能研究Ⅱ：模型试验

针对传统拉力型和压力型锚杆存在受力集中、锚固体与岩土体界面黏结强度发挥不充分、抗拔承载力偏低的问题,研发了一种新型拉压复合型锚杆。通过对传统锚杆及拉压复合型锚杆开展模型试验,对比研究了不同锚杆的极限抗拔承载力及其锚固性能。结果表明：拉压复合型锚杆极限抗拔承载力比传统拉力型锚杆大幅提高,拉压长度比为1∶2和2∶1时,分别提高79%和161%,且具有更好的位移延性和抗变形能力;拉压复合型锚杆峰后残余抗拔承载力显著提高,传统拉力型和压力型锚杆稳定残峰比最大值均不超过0.40,锚头相对拔出变形ξ_s=2.5%时,残峰比平均值分别为0.292和0.259;TC360-12锚杆和TC360-21锚杆稳定残峰比最小值分别不低于0.45和0.60,ξ_s=2.5%时,残峰比平均值分别为0.545和0.790;拉压长度比为2∶1的拉压复合型锚杆即将破坏时,受拉锚固段和承压锚固段协同承载能力更强,界面黏结强度得到充分发挥,锚杆极限抗拔承载力更高。     

Profiled rotary dresser with controlled size and distribution of abrasive grits: Performance assessment

This paper reports on a novel proprietary profiled rotary dresser which, in contrast with conventional tools, enables a controlled arrangement of geometrically defined abrasives over complex profiles. Output forces and abrasives’ wear were investigated during dressing and grinding tests. This showed a significant reduction in radial dressing forces (˜37%) and volumetric loss of material per grit (˜21%) when compared with conventional tools, together with low grinding forces and workpiece surface roughness variability for different wear conditions. The novel dresser proves the ability to obtain uniform wear rates along complex profiles, while allowing abrasive segment replacement to restore the dressing conditions.     

Carbon@SiC(SiCnws)-Sc2Si2O7 ceramics with multiple loss mediums for improving electromagnetic shielding performance

Multiple loss media can be applied, not only to improve the performance of microwave absorption materials, but also to promote the electromagnetic (EM) shielding efficacy of materials. In this study, multiple loss mediums (C, SiC, and SiCnws) were introduced into Sc₂Si₂O₇ ceramics to synthesise carbon@SiC(SiCnws)-Sc₂Si₂O₇ ceramics by H₂ reduction and CVI technology. After 1–3 CVI process cycles, the open porosity decreases from 34.7 %±0.5 % to 8.4 %±0.3 % filled with multiple loss media. The results show that CH₃SiCl₃ provides the raw material for synthesising SiC(SiCnws) and carbon in ceramics, resulting in adjustable EM shielding properties. Furthermore, the EM shielding mechanism consists mainly of the combined synergistic effect of C, SiC, and SiCnws, which contributes to the reflective shielding efficacy, and promotes the absorption shielding effectiveness, including dipole polarization loss, and interface polarization loss. Subsequently, carbon@SiC(SiCnws)-Sc₂Si₂O₇ ceramics with a multiple loss medium of 31.2 wt% ±0.22 wt% achieve a total EM shielding effectiveness value of 31.8 dB (99.92 % electromagnetic waves are attenuated) with an X-band thickness of 2 mm. Therefore, carbon@SiC(SiCnws)-Sc₂Si₂O₇ ceramics are a promising novel composite, applicable in future EM shielding in high temperature environments.