Graphical causal inference and copula regression model for apple keywords by text mining

Apple is a leading company of technological evolution and innovation. This company founded and produced the Apple I computer in 1976. Since then, based on its innovative technologies, Apple has launched creative and innovative products and services such as the iPod, iTunes, the iPhone, the Apple app store, and the iPad. In many fields of academia and business, diverse studies of Apple’s technological innovation strategy have been performed. In this paper, we analyze Apple’s patents to better understand its technological innovation. We collected all applied patents by Apple until now, and applied statistics and text mining for patent analysis. By using graphical causal inference method, we created the causal relations among Apple keywords preprocessed by text mining, and then we carried out the semiparametric Gaussian copula regression model to see how the target response keyword and the predictor keywords are relating to each other. Furthermore, Gaussian copula partial correlation was applied to Apple keywords to find out the detailed dependence structure. By performing these methods, this paper shows the technological trends and relations between Apple’s technologies. This research could make contributions in finding vacant technology areas and central technologies for Apple’s R&D planning.     

Evaluating and improving the effectiveness and efficiency of design process communication

Project information management research enables the efficient exchange of information, but does not effectively communicate process. Design process management research effectively communicates processes, but with methods too inefficient to be adopted in practice. The lack of methods for effective and efficient design process communication manifests as a struggle for Architecture, Engineering, and Construction industry professionals to: (1) collaborate within projects, (2) share processes between projects, and (3) understand processes across projects to strategically invest in improvement. These struggles motivate the paper’s first contribution: a research method for evaluating a design management methodology’s ability to effectively and efficiently communicate design processes. As a second contribution, this paper validates the Design Process Communication Methodology (DPCM). DPCM specifies elements and methods for exchanging and organizing digital information to support knowledge-intensive design processes. Cloud computing enables the operationalization of DPCM as a tool that enables interaction with a project’s information. Results from this operationalization demonstrate that designers employing DPCM accurately capture processes with little effort. When collaborating, improved process clarity and information consistency result in less rework, and positive iteration enables increased consideration of multi-disciplinary design trends. Designers share processes between project teams with fewer process mistakes. DPCM enables the understanding of processes providing more insights into the relationships between design integration and project performance; and more opportunities for strategic investment in improved processes.     

An architectural counterpoint in Universal Everything: Fluid Bodies exhibition

ABSTRACT

This exhibition review focuses on the quest for weaving boundaries between body-form-space-and material relationship using immersive technologies. Emerging as an architectural counterpoint, Universal Everything: Fluid Bodies exhibition held in Borusan Contemporary focuses on how we perceive the motion and form in relation to it, as well as fusing senses of kinaesthetic and synaesthetic through a data driven and motion-based visual representation. Through these algorithms, the exhibition displays how neuroarchitecture reminds us of the senses of perception. The architectural counterpoint, intention as an interaction and encounter of the body with ‘the machine’ as the ‘voyeur body’ and how this observational dialogue becomes a research methodology in understanding the nature of movement in space through digital tools.     

黄泛平原古城“环城湖”与城市防洪减灾

以黄泛平原为研究背景,以该地城内形态相似的“环城湖”为研究对象,通过对其构成要素、历史成因、演变过程、空间格局等方面的研究,探讨了“环城湖”在黄河洪水与泥沙作用下的生成机制与演变规律.认为:古城“环城湖”是特定自然条件下黄河泛滥引起生态环境改变与古代城市营建模式共同作用的结果,在古城营建过程中承担着泄洪、排涝等防洪减灾功能,并在当今城市建设中仍发挥着重要作用;只有充分了解古城“环城湖”的形成过程与演变机制,才能重新认识和定位“环城湖”的当代价值,从本质上把握古城“环城湖”的特色与精华.     

大底盘层间隔震结构抗震性能研究

随着我国城市化进程的加快,高层建筑已屡见不鲜,而大底盘塔式结构最为常见.由于大底盘和塔楼之间刚度和质量的突变,使其抗震性能明显降低,如何提高这类结构的抗震性能成为工程界需要解决的重要问题之一.目前,工程中普遍使用的方法是使用变形缝将塔楼与附属建筑分开,但这种做法不仅构造麻烦,而且也给结构的正常使用带来不便.本文研究通过...     

Fenton接触氧化法强化石英砂—锰砂滤料处理铁锰矿井废水

为了解决目前常用的接触氧化法除铁除锰工艺中铁离子存在时锰离子难去除的问题,本文重点研究了Fenton接触氧化法强化石英砂-锰砂滤料的除铁除锰效率和机理。结果表明:Fenton试剂+锰砂+石英砂工艺除铁锰的效果很好,影响因素的最佳值如下:加入H2O2形成Fenton试剂后可以强化石英砂-锰砂工艺除铁除锰的效果,当H2O2投加量为0.15 mg/L、滤速为8 m/h、pH为7时,铁离子的去除率可达到92%,当H2O2投加量为0.17mg/L、滤速为8 m/h、pH为7时,锰离子的去除率可以达到97%。     

Herfindahl index applied to Fourier analysis

Since the harmonic components in the signal to be analyzed are uncertain and diverse, it is difficult to make the sampling frequency and the signal length be harmonically related to the component frequencies included in the signal, and the leakage is produced in the discrete Fourier transform. Based on the definition of the Herfindahl index in economics, the spectrum concentration can be defined and computed. The appropriate number of points can be decided according to the peak location of the spectrum concentration. The method and the examples are specified in detail in the paper.     

Round-trip driving effects on driving performances and mental workload under different traffic rules

This study investigates the effect of switching between different traffic rules (left-versus right-hand traffic) on driving performance and mental workload. A driving simulation environment was developed according to the real environment. Two urban roads with different traffic systems were simulated. Twenty participants executed intersection turns and continuous car-following behavior in four simulated driving stages, including driving with familiar, unfamiliar, second time unfamiliar, and back to familiar traffic rules. The mean and standard deviations for speed, distance headway, and the standard deviation of lateral position were recorded as driving performance. Mental workload was determined using the NASA-TLX and Rating Scale Mental Effort questionnaires. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences between the four driving stages using subjective and objective measures. The results showed that significant differences were obtained in all measures when driving in the four driving situations, except for the speed standard deviation. The car-following behavior was the most unsafe (significantly larger standard deviations for distance headway and mental workload) when driving in unfamiliar road traffic compared with the other stages. When driving under unfamiliar traffic rules for the second time, the mental workload was significantly relieved and the lane-keeping ability significantly improved. The results indicated that providing an adaptive runway for drivers to familiarize themselves with different traffic rules is necessary to improve driving performance and safety. These findings provide useful information for designing bridges linking two places with different traffic rules to increase traffic safety.