冲击球压技术研究材料局部损伤和弹塑性特征

冲击球压技术是基于赫兹接触理论发展起来的研究材料力学性能的新方法,尽管起步较晚,但是对材料力学性能特征和变化的研究是非常有效的.概述了近40年利用冲击球压技术分析材料局部损伤和评价材料弹塑性特征的理论和研究进展,重点阐述了利用冲击球压技术和赫兹接触理论评价材料恢复系数和动态硬度特征及变化的可行性、敏感性和精确性.结合研究现状对冲击球压技术中隐含的问题进行了划分,并展望了未来冲击球压技术的发展方向.     

氮化和喷涂MoS2涂层的不锈钢试样振动后抗咬死性能分析

目的 研究氮化和喷涂MoS2涂层的异种不锈钢试样,经振动试验后的抗咬死性能及失效原因.方法 利用三角级数法转化得到了振动参数,对底座(Ⅰ型不锈钢)和拉杆(Ⅱ型不锈钢)的模拟件进行了气体氮化和常温喷涂MoS2涂层处理,采用三维显微镜、XRD、SEM、EDS和模拟振动试验平台对试样进行了表征.结果 Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型不锈钢氮化后的表面物相主要是γ′-Fe4N、ε-Fe2-3N和CrN.Ⅰ型不锈钢和Ⅱ型不锈钢表面的MoS2涂层厚度分别为30～40μm、20～30μm,氮化层的总厚度分别约为165、230μm.在模拟振动平台上,底座与拉杆咬死失效时间在30～45 min之间.底座和拉杆的上、下接触面磨损较严重,内接触面发生了轻微磨损.拉杆的下接触面发生旋转,上接触面继续保持接触,上下接触面的摩擦力大于拉杆的重力,从而发生了咬死现象.结论 底座和拉杆局部表面粗糙度增加、拉杆直径比底座内表面高度方向尺寸大0.28 mm、互溶性大且含立方晶体结构氮化物的氮化层之间直接接触,是振动45 min并旋转后试样发生咬死的主要原因.建议改进底座和拉杆的尺寸、表面处理层和工艺参数.     

Microstructure,mechanical and corrosion properties of friction stir welded high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel

Friction stir welding (FSW) was applied to a 2.4 mm thick high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel plate using tungsten–rhenium (W–Re) tool. The high-quality weld was successfully produced at a tool rotational speed of 400 rpm and a traveling speed of 100 mm/min. The microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of the weld were studied. The nitrogen content of the weld was almost identical to that of base metal (BM). FSW refined grains in the stir zone (SZ) through dynamic recrystallization and led to increase in hardness and tensile strength within the SZ, while the ductility was slightly decreased. The failure of tensile specimens occurred in the BM. TEM results revealed precipitates of Cr₂₃C₆ of size ~ 1 μm in the SZ, although their content was small. The precipitation of Cr₂₃C₆ and increase in δ-ferrite in the SZ led to small decrease in both pitting and intergranular corrosion resistance.     

FE modeling of the compressive behavior of porous copper-matrix nanocomposites

Compressive mechanical test and numerical simulation via finite element modeling have been employed on closed-cell copper-matrix nanocomposite foams reinforced by alumina particles. The FE analysis' purpose was to model the foam deformation behavior under compressive loading and to investigate the correlation between material characteristics and the compressive mechanical behavior. Exploring this, several foam samples with different conditions were manufactured and compression test was carried out on the samples. Scanning electron microscopy and image analysis have been performed on the foam samples to obtain the required data for the numerical simulation. The stress–strain curves exhibited plateau stress between 18 and 112.5 MPa and energy absorption in the range of 20.03–51.20 MJ/m³ for the foams with different relative densities. The foams exhibited enhanced mechanical properties to an optimum value, as a consequence of increasing the reinforcing nanoparticles, through both experimental tests and numerical simulation data. Also, the validated model of copper-matrix nanocomposite foams has been used to probe stress distribution in the foams. In addition, the results obtained by numerical simulation via ABAQUS CAE finite element modeling provided support for experimental test results. This confirmed that FEM is a favorable technique for predicting mechanical properties of nanocomposite copper foams.     

Design of high sorbent pectin/CaCO3 composites tuned by pectin characteristics and carbonate source

Five pectin samples – which differ by the methylation degree and/or amide content – were used to prepare inorganic/organic composites by CaCO₃ mineralization from supersaturated solutions. The pectin chemical structure and concentration could control the composite superstructure by induction or orientation of crystal growth. The inorganic materials may also control CaCO₃ polymorphism and morphologies and therefore different carbonate sources, such as Na₂CO₃, diethylcarbonate or ammonium carbonates, were used as modulators for crystal growth. The morphology of the new CaCO₃/pectin composites was investigated by SEM and the polymorphs content by X-ray diffraction, as compared to bare CaCO₃ samples prepared in similar conditions. The composites were tested as sorbents for Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions.     

Effects of sintering process on preparing iron-based friction material directly from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates

In order to optimize an innovative two-stage process for preparing an iron-based friction material directly from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates, this paper focuses on the effects of sintering process on the microstructures and properties of an iron-based friction material. On one hand, the samples were sintered at 900 °C, 950 °C, and 1000 °C for 3 h respectively; On the other hand, the samples were sintered at 1000 °C for 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4 h respectively. As a result, after the samples were sintered at above 950 °C for more than 3 h, a lot of laminated microstructures appear in these samples owing to the formation of a large number of pearlites. Besides, the density, the hardness, and the friction coefficient of this material are positively correlated to the sintering temperature or the sintering time, and the wear rate of this material is negatively related to the sintering temperature or the sintering time. This study can contribute to the attainment of much clearer insight into the effects of sintering process and lay the foundation of practical application of this innovative two-stage process.     

High piezoelectric response in the new coexistent phase boundary of 0.87BaTiO3–(0.13-x)BaZrO3–xCaTiO3

An investigation of the coexistent ferroelectric phase was carried out on the ternary system of 0.87BaTiO₃–(0.13-x)BaZrO₃–xCaTiO₃ [abbreviated as BT–BZ–xCT (where 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.13)]. Temperature-, frequency-dependent dielectric data, electric field-dependent strain and polarization as a function of composition are presented in order to understand the relationships of structure-properties and find the high piezoelectric response in this system. Results showed that ceramics in the composition range of 0.00 ≤ x < 0.04 were of a rhombohedral structure and transformed into a tetragonal structure at x > 0.06. The multiphase coexistence of the rhombohedral and tetragonal phase in this system was identified at x = 0.06. A large, virtually hysteresis-free electric field induced strain of 0.23% was achieved with the composition, x = 0.06, at 40 kV/cm on the boundary between rhombohedral and tetragonal phase. This relates to an extraordinarily high and normalized piezoelectric coefficient (S_max/E_max) of 1280 pm/V, which was reached at a low electric field applied at 10 kV/mm. These results indicated that a high piezoelectric response may stem primarily from the rhombohedral-tetragonal phase boundary, due to greater lattice softening and reduced energy barriers for polarized rotation.     

近紫外基白光LEDs用NaY(MoO4)2:Eu3+材料的发光特性

采用固相法于550℃灼烧4h,合成了Eu³⁺ 单掺杂的NaY(MoO₄)₂材料,研究了材料的 发光特性。X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示,掺杂少量杂质的材料仍为纯相的NaY(MoO₄)₂。以 393nm波长 近紫外光作为激发源时,NaY(MoO₄)₂:Eu³⁺可以发射主峰位于616nm波长的红色光,对应Eu³⁺的 ⁵D₀-⁷F₂跃迁发射。研究发现,增大Eu³⁺掺杂量 时,对应材料的发射强度会逐渐增大,但是 未发现浓度猝灭现象,通过相应的衰减曲线解释了此结果。测量不同Eu³⁺掺杂量下 , NaY(MoO₄)₂:Eu³⁺的色坐标结果显示,色坐标基本不变,位于红色区域。上述 结果表明, NaY(MoO₄)₂:Eu³⁺在白光LEDs领域有一定的应用潜力。     

高温和超高温极端环境下陶瓷管材弹性模量评价新技术

本文综述了从室温到2200°C范围内陶瓷材料弹性模量的传统测试方法和新技术。针对脆性陶瓷管材在高温及超高温下弹性模量的评价难题,我们提出一种结合相对法和缺口环法的新方法,即相对缺口环法。通过比较缺口环与刚性圆块的横梁位移得到缺口环在高温及超高温下的真实变形量计算出精确的弹性模量。对典型的石英玻璃管、氧化铝陶瓷管、C/SiC/ZrB_2复合陶瓷管以及石墨管进行测试所得到的结果表明相对缺口环法准确有效,为高温及超高温等极端环境下脆性管材的结构安全提供了一种简便可靠的评价方法。     

Effect of natural aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 7050-T7451 joints

The microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 2.5 mm 7050-77451 aluminum alloy natural aging 72 h and 17 520 h were investigated,respectively.The uniaxial tensile test showed that yield strength,tensile strength and elongation of the joints 17 520 h natural aging were about 20%,12%and 24%higher than those joints natural aging72 h.Hardness profile of natural aging 17 520 h joint witnessed significant enhancement in nugget zone,compared with 72 h natural aging.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) test revealed that more Guinier-Preston zone,η' and η phase emerged in nugget zone as natural aging duration increased,high density of dislocation located within grain boundary in nugget zone of joints natural aging 72 h.It is concluded that natural aging was feasible to enhance strength and plasticity of FSW joints simultaneously.