Performance experiment on solar energy and air dual-heat-source heat pump system

The flat micro heat pipe array photovoltaic-thermal module was retrofitted into a photovoltaic-thermal evaporator, and then a novel solar energy and air dual-heat-source heat pump system was developed. The operation performance of the system operating in the solar energy mode (S) as well as the solar energy and air dual-heat-source mode (SA) was studied in detail. Studies have shown that: affected by solar radiation and ambient temperature, the role of ambient air in the dual heat source heating mode will switch between heat release and heat absorption, and the temperature difference between ambient temperature and backplane temperature fluctuates between -3.1—3.5℃; the SA mode was suitable for low solar radiation condition, and its thermal efficiency, comprehensive performance efficiency and COP were 56.7%, 81.7% and 2.38 respectively, which were 20.3%, 25.0% and 6.7% higher than that of the S mode; under the high solar radiation condition, the SA mode would accelerate the heat dissipation of the system, but it could improve the electrical performance of the system. According to the above characteristics, it would get the better operation performance operating in SA mode when the backplane temperature was lower than the ambient temperature as well as operating in S mode when the backplane temperature was higher than the ambient temperature.     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的城市建筑目标提取研究

基于Geoeye-1高分辨率遥感影像,根据机场、大型公共建筑、污水处理厂3类建筑目标的光谱特征和形状特征,采用面向对象分类识别方法,并结合城市总体规划专题数据,对上述3类建筑目标进行提取实验。实验表明,本文提出的技术路线对上述3类城市建筑目标提取具有较好的应用效果。     

Comparative study of commercial building energy-efficiency retrofit policies in four pilot cities in China

The energy efficiency of existing commercial buildings is more challenging to regulate and improve than the energy efficiency of new constructions. In 2011 and 2012, the Chinese Government selected four cities- Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenzhen, and Chongqing- to implement pilot commercial building energy efficiency retrofit program. Based on site surveys and expert interviews in these pilot cities, this research conducted a comparative analysis on incentive policies of local city level. The analysis results show that policy designs of existing commercial buildings should be further improved. The aspects that influence the implementation effect in the future, such as subsidy level, installments, and business model promotion, should be specified in the policy clauses. Referring to the technical solution and cost-benefit in Chongqing, we found that lighting system is the most common retrofit objects while envelope system is the least common one. And the subsidy incentive is greatest for educational buildings, followed by office buildings. In the end, we further discussed the problems and obstacles in commercial building retrofit market, and provided a series of recommendations.     

对两类渗透性防水材料的思考

分析了水泥基渗透结晶防水涂料和憎水性硅质渗透材料两类具有渗透功能的材料对混凝土结构防水防护的作用机理,重点对水泥基渗透结晶防水涂料的性能检测与在地下工程中的应用效果进行了阐述。提出水泥基渗透结晶防水涂料应成为地下防水工程两道设防中的首选;同时指出憎水性硅质渗透材料是外露结构混凝土理想的防水、防护材料,应加强对其研究并扩大在防水领域中的应用。     

Conservation controls in Melbourne

Controls to protect the historic environment have developed relatively late in Australian cities. The earliest and subsequently most comprehensive evolved in the state of Victoria, especially in the inner suburbs of the state capital, Melbourne. These controls have two basic forms; specific site registration and protection and broader planning control. While the controls have developed amidst some criticism and opposition, they appear currently to be well accepted and to be making a positive impact.     

新建和既有居住小区生活垃圾生化降解技术的研究

从城市居住小区源头上对生活垃圾进行“减量化、资源化、无害化”处理，是节能减排和提高居民生活质量重要的组成部分。采用生化降解技术处理占50％-60％的有机垃圾处理是非常重要的方法。本文针对这一技术的核心问题，以及运行的成本加以研究，表述了其能够广泛推广和使用的基础，并且提出了未来更加先进的处理方法，随着此项技术的不断推广和使用，将为社会产生了巨大的社会效益、经济效益和环境效益。     

序批式生物膜法的脱氮特性研究

对序批式生物膜工艺的脱氮特性进行了探讨，并提出了过量储存-SND脱氮作用机理，即厌氧段脱氮主要靠生物膜对含碳、氮有机物的过量储存作用，而好氧段脱氮则靠生物膜的同步硝化反硝化(SND)作用，反硝化的有机碳源主要为生物膜在厌氧段过量储存的有机物。镜检发现反应器中的优势菌属为假单胞菌属，其次为气单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、微球菌属、硝化杆菌属。     

基坑环梁支撑结构的连续破坏模拟及冗余度研究

传统的基坑水平支护设计理论是基于构件进行强度设计,没有考虑大面积复杂基坑支护系统的连续破坏问题,对基坑支护体系冗余度的评价方法及冗余度指标等也缺乏针对性研究。以环梁形式的水平支撑体系为典型,设置了不同的环梁支撑平面布置方案,利用离散元软件PFC,通过FISH语言二次开发定义了钢筋混凝土杆件的破坏准则,实现了局部构件破坏时水平支撑结构体系的连续破坏模拟以及整体破坏荷载确定。在此基础上,进一步提出了一种考虑水平支撑设计荷载的冗余度评价指标,并对有、无角撑支撑体系的冗余度进行了定量分析对比,同时表明此指标可以更为直观地体现水平支撑体系在局部破坏的情况下是否能够继续承担设计荷载而不至于发生连续破坏直至整体破坏,具有更明确的理论与实用意义。针对环梁水平支撑体系的研究还表明,对于要求变形和受力尽量均匀的环梁支撑体系来说,在满足刚度均匀的前提条件下合理增加传力路径来提高冗余度尤为重要,否则,不合理地增加传力路径可能反而造成环梁支撑体系的受力和变形更为不利。建议对重要、复杂的基坑水平支撑体系进行冗余度分析及优化,并在施工过程中对关键构件进行重点监测与保护。     

城镇污泥水泥窑协同处置现状与政策需求分析

我国城镇污水处理厂污泥具有产量大、处置率低、泥质复杂等特点,将城镇污泥经水泥窑协同焚烧处置不失为解决城镇污泥问题的有效手段。首先分析了我国城镇污泥处理处置面临的问题,并对我国当前城镇污泥水泥窑协同处置现状及行业发展特征进行了全方位介绍,然后对污泥水泥窑协同处置存在的问题进行剖析,进而提出了我国污泥水泥窑协同处置政策需求,以期进一步推动我国城镇污泥水泥窑协同处置的健康快速发展。     

吸取TVCC失火教训 加强外墙的防火是当务之急

分析了TVCC失火原因,幕墙屋面保温材料和面板材料防火性能不好是TVCC火灾技术内因.阐述了外墙、屋面节能必须与防火安全并举,中国建筑节能不能照搬外国模式,必须建立中国式建筑防火节能体系.提出应积极吸取TVCC及近年频繁的幕墙屋面火灾的惨痛教训,切实加强外墙及屋面的防火是当务之急.