A New Method of Simulating Bright Temperature of Snow Cover based on Snow Grain Size Evolution Process

This research used HUT model, DMRT model and MEMLS model to simulate interactions(absorption and extinction) between snow grainsfor different wave bands (18.7 GHz and 36.5 GHz) of microwave which were used for radiative transfer model. Obtaining the snow grain size is always a difficulty. So this research used Jordan91 snow grain size evolution model to evolve snow grain size which was regarded as input parameter of radiative transfer model, and used measured data to simulate spaceborne brightness temperature for 18.7 GHz horizontal polarization and 36.5 GHz horizontal polarization in a mixed pixel. The results showed that the bias of simulation brightness temperature using extinction coefficient of HUT model, DMRT model and MEMLS model for 18.7 GHz horizontal polarization were -3.6 K、-1.8 K and -0.7 K respectively, and for 36.5 GHz horizontal polarization were 4.0 K、10.4 K and 14.4 K respectively. For 18.7 GHz horizontal polarization and 36.5 GHz horizontal polarization, the bright temperature simulation based on effective snow grain size shows a good linear relationship with the brightness temperature simulation basedon snow grain size evolution process. Therefore, the method based on the snow grain size evolution process is a suitable method for obtaining the snow grain size parameter in the radiative transfer model.     

A facile hydrothermal synthesis of visible-light responsive BiFeWO6/MoS2 composite as superior photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants

In the present study, we have fabricated a new Z-scheme BiFeWO₆/MoS₂ composite for photocatalytic elimination of organic contaminants from the waste-water. A series of BiFeWO₆/MoS₂ composites were obtained by changing the amounts of BiFeWO₆ from 1 to 10 mg through a facile hydrothermal method. The phase structures and morphologies of these BiFeWO₆/MoS₂ composites were analyzed by SEM, HR-TEM, XRD, UV–vis DRS, element mapping and XPS techniques. Afterward, the dye-degradation experiments were conducted for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) using as-obtained BiFeWO₆/MoS₂ composite samples under visible-light illumination to evaluate their photocatalytic activity. It is found that the BiFeWO₆/MoS₂ composites exhibited great photocatalytic behavior than the pure BiFeWO₆ and MoS₂ samples. In particular, the BiFeWO₆/MoS₂ composite with 5 mg of BiFeWO₆ showed a quickly complete photocatalyst degradation ability of RhB in 75 min with high photo-stability and reusability behavior. This superior catalytic response of BiFeWO₆/MoS₂ composite may be contributed by its high light harvesting capacity as well as fast separation and movement of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. This proposed BiFeWO₆/MoS₂ composite is a very promising photocatalyst for environmental remediation work.     

手指静脉图像感兴趣区域提取研究综述

近年全球的疫情促使生物识别技术进一步发展,指静脉识别作为第二代生物识别技术因其具有极高的安全性等优点而被应用于各个领域.指静脉图像感兴趣区域提取作为指静脉识别系统至关重要的一部分,是识别系统性能与适应不同应用场景的保证.分别介绍了商用指静脉识别产品与科研用指静脉采集设备,对其公开数据集进行了整理与分析;重点论述了指静脉...     

Exact analytic solution of thermal radiation through radiative grey films

A simple analytic expression is found for the radiative heat exchange between two grey end plates with an arbitrary number of thin grey films in between. The films may have different emittance on each side and they may be semitransparent to the infrared. As no mathematical approximation was needed, the solution is exact in the mathematical sense.     

Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution on iron-cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogenated carbon nanotube

Using low-cost nonprecious metals to replace Pt as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst is promising, but still limited by their efficiency and stability. Herein, with low-cost dicyandiamide and metal salts as precursor, FeCo alloy nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogenated carbon nanotubes (FeCo-NCNTs) were facially synthesized as efficient HER electrocatalyst. Addition of iron as second element, though not facilitating the formation of carbon nanotube, was utilized to improve the physicochemical properties of metals. Via optimizing the atomic molar ratios of Fe/Co nanoparticles, the optimal Fe_0.4Co_0.6-NCNTs with thin carbon shell (c.a. 5–10 layer) and equally distribution of embedded alloy nanoparticles was found with outstanding HER activity. To achieve a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², only overpotential of 50 mV, 157 mV and 202 mV were needed in acidic (0.5 M H₂SO₄), alkaline (1 M KOH), and neutral solutions. Its higher electrochemically active surface areas and lower electron transfer resistance may contribute to the excellent electrocatalytic HER. Furthermore, the illustrated current density slightly changed over 20 h, suggesting excellent stability. Hence, the present method provides cost-effective, high efficiency, and stable materials in developing the sustainable energy conversion systems.     

Factors affecting forestland owners' allocation of non-forested land to pine plantation for bioenergy in Virginia

Studies have shown that woody bioenergy can have potential economic, social, and environmental benefits. One of the ways to meet the growing biomass demand for woody bioenergy is by allocating currently non-forested land for growing feedstocks such as pine. Towards this end, we conducted a survey on 900 randomly selected private forestland owners in Virginia and asked what proportion of their non-forested land they would allocate for loblolly pine at given bid prices. We then used recursive partitioning based Tobit regression to analyze data. Our results suggest that the experience of having supplied wood for chip-n-saw mills in the past five years, large land holding, prior experience with state/federal financial/technical support programs, among other factors, lead to smaller proportion of non-forested land being allocated for pine. However, a higher price offer, stronger preference for producing non-timber forest products such as evergreen boughs and grapevine, and lesser dependence on working the land for annual income lead to larger proportion of non-forested land being allocate for pine. Our results could assist policy makers in developing and improving land use and energy policies, certification programs, and extension and outreach services. Our contribution also includes the use of threshold analyses to delineate tipping points in variables associated with different response rates and showing the different effect of variables in terms of how they affect the supply of biomass and the supply of land for bioenergy purposes.     

Facile fabrication of nickel/porous g-C3N4 by using carbon dot as template for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production

Ni/porous g-C₃N₄ was prepared by high temperature thermal polymerization process using carbon dots as soft template and photodeposition. With nickel nanoparticles supported as co-catalyst, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of the photocatalyst has been significantly enhanced under visible light, which is up to 1273.58 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, superior to pristine g-C₃N₄ (4.12 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹). This is attributed to the inhibited recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and the much better electron transport efficiency. The formed porous structure of carbon nitride could facilitate light utilization and together with nickel nanoparticles, better charge separation can be realized which are proved by the photoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence spectra, transient photocurrent measurements and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy. This work provides a useful route to obtain less expensive and efficient photocatalyst containing no noble metals for hydrogen production.     

乳品中的酵母活菌数PMA-qPCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

本实验旨在对乳品中酵母菌活菌总数进行准确的定量检测,深入研究PMA处理乳品中酵母热损伤菌的最佳工作条件,去除热损伤死菌DNA的影响。针对从乳品中分离的三株酵母菌26S rDNA D1/D2区域序列设计引物Y3和Y4,运用实时荧定定量PCR进行序列扩增,以重组质粒pMD-18T-26S拷贝数对数与扩增循环数(Ct)值为坐标轴建立标准曲线,建立PMA-qPCR检测方法,并对实际样品中的酵母菌活菌富集后进行数量检测。PMA-qPCR法可达到国标规定的食品中酵母菌最高限量值1×10² CFU/mL的检测标准,对应Ct值为36.67±0.43,重复性良好,总耗时6~7 h,可对酵母菌数量进行准确和快速的定量分析,为乳品中腐败微生物的鉴定与监控提供有价值的借鉴。     

基于多指标分析优化苦丁茶冬青瞬时高温灭菌工艺

基于多指标优化苦丁茶冬青瞬时高温灭菌工艺参数。采用正交设计多指标综合加权评分法优化苦丁茶冬青瞬时高温灭菌工艺参数,以灭菌温度、灭菌时间、药材粒度为考察因素,以灭菌率、1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH·)抗氧化活性IC₅₀值、多酚类化合物含量为考察指标,采用直观及方差分析结果评价灭菌对3个考察指标的影响;采用指纹图谱技术对灭菌前后的样品进行评价。结果表明,灭菌温度是具有显著影响的因素(P<0.05),确定的最佳灭菌工艺条件为：灭菌温度160℃,灭菌时间10 s,粉碎粒度24目。瞬时高温灭菌对DPPH·抗氧化活性IC₅₀值以及多酚类化合物含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。按优化工艺灭菌后的3批样品微生物限度检查均符合药典规定;灭菌后3批样品的DPPH·抗氧化活性IC₅₀值较灭菌前减少0.19,多酚类化合物含量较灭菌前增加约0.14%;灭菌前后3批样品的DPPH·抗氧化活性IC₅₀值及多酚类化合物含量结果经t检验均无显著差异(P>0.05);灭菌前后样品指纹图谱相似度>0.9。...     

Pixel-scalesoil Moisture Monitoring Network and Its Preliminary Validation of L-band Soil Moisture Products

Soil moisture is a key variable in the process of crop growth,ground-air water heat exchange and global water cycle,which plays an important role in drought monitoring,hydrological land surface processes and climate change.Passive microwave remote sensing has become the main means of monitoring soil moisture with the sensitivity to soil moisture.In this study,the authenticity test of SMAP（Soil Moisture and Active and Passive） and SMOS（Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity）passive microwave soil moisture products using the soil moisture sensor network monitoring data carried out against the underlying surface of farmlands in Jilin Province was carried out.The following conclusions were obtained：（1）Compared with the in situ measured data,SMOS L3(ascending and descending overpasses) and SMAP L3 passive microwave soil moisture products generally underestimated the ground data,but With the occurrence of rainfall events,there will be the phenomenon which is the value of soil moisture products is higher than the in situ data; although the unbiased root mean square error (unRMSE) of the two soil moisture products was greater than 0.07 m3/m3,the unRMSE of SMAP passive microwave soil moisture product data which was 0.078 m3/m3 was slightly lower;（2）Since the depth of induction of the L-band is lighter than the depth of detection of the sensor(5cm),and the dryness of the soil surface after rainfall causes the vertical inhomogeneity of soil moisture,which is one of the reasons why SMOS and SMAP passive microwave soil moisture products underestimate soil moisture; （3）SMOS has a higher value than the range of SMAP brightness temperature,which may be caused by radio frequency interference (RFI),which makes the error of soil moisture Retrieval and affects the validation accuracy.The comparison of bright temperature distribution of SMOS and SMAP shows that the effect of RFI on SMOS is more serious due to the influence of electromagnetic radio frequency interference (RFI),which may be the reason why the RMSE of soil moisture product of SMOS is higher than that of passive microwave soil moisture product of SMAP.