Evaluating the usage of fault localization in automated program repair: an empirical study

Fault localization techniques are originally proposed to assist in manual debugging by generally producing a rank list of suspicious locations.With the increasing popularity of automated program repair,the fault localization techniques have been introduced to effectively reduce the search space of automated program repair.Unlike developers who mainly focus on the rank information,current automated program repair has two strategies to use the fault localization information:suspiciousness-first algorithm(SFA)based on the suspiciousness accuracy and rank-first algorithm(RFA)relying on the rank accuracy.However,despite the fact that the two different usages are widely adopted by current automated program repair and may result in different repair results,little is known about the impacts of the two strategies on automated program repair.In this paper we empirically compare the performance of SFA and RFA in the context of automated program repair.Specifically,we implement the two strategies and six well-studied fault localization techniques into four state-of-the-art automated program repair tools,and then use these tools to perform repair experiments on 60 real-world bugs from Defects4J.Our study presents a number of interesting findings:RFA outperforms SFA in 70.02%of cases when measured by the number of candidate patches generated before a valid patch is found(NCP),while SFA performs better in parallel repair and patch diversity;the performance of SFA can be improved by increasing the suspiciousness accuracy of fault localization techniques;finally,we use SimFix that deploys SFA to successfully repair four extra Defects4J bugs which cannot be repaired by SimFix originally using RFA.These observations provide a new perspective for future research on the usage and improvement of fault localization in automated program repair.     

Virtual and physical address translation mechanism of interconnect network

Most of users are accustomed to utilizing virtual address in their parallel programs running at the scalable high-performance parallel computing systems. Therefore a virtual and physical address translation mechanism is necessary and crucial to bridge the hardware interface and software application. In this paper, a new virtual and physical translation mechanism is proposed, which includes an address validity checker, an address translation cache (ATC), a complete refresh scheme and many reliability designs. The ATC employs a large capacity embedded dynamic random access memory (eDRAM) to meet the high hit ratio requirement. It also can switch the cache and buffer mode to avoid the high latency of accessing the main memory outside. Many tests have been conducted on the real chip, which implements the address translation mechanism. The results show that the ATC has a high hit ratio while running the well-known benchmarks, and additionally demonstrates that the new high-performance mechanism is well designed.     

延迟容忍网络能量受限的路由控制策略

延迟容忍网络节点之间的连接模式可以用Edge-Markovian模型描述,该模型优于传统的负指数模型。该文基于Edge-Markovian模型研究有限能量约束下two-hop算法的最优控制问题。为了降低能量消耗,采用概率two-hop算法,信息源在每个通信机会以一定概率决定是否发送信息,问题转化为选择合适的概率在满足能量约束的前提下最大化传输成功率。利用离散时间Markov过程对问题进行建模,并从理论上证明最优概率是阈值形式。仿真及数值结果证明了模型的有效性。     

NAND Flash service lifetime estimate with recovery effect and retention time relaxation

A service life model of NAND flash and threshold voltage shift process is proposed to calculate the service life and endurance. The relationships among achievable program/erase （P/E） cycles, recovery time, bad block rate and storage time are analyzed. The achievable endurance and service life of a NAND flash are evaluated based on a flash cell degradation and recovery model by varying recovery time, badblock rate, and storage time. It is proposed to improve the service lifetime of solid state disk by both relaxing the bad block rate limitation and retention time while extending the recovery time. The results indicate that endurance can be improved by 17 times if the storage time guarantee is reduced from 10 a to 1 a with 10 5 s recovery time inserted between cycles.     

A novel contour design technique of super/hypersonic nozzle diverging section with sharing throat

A straightforward technique has been developed to quickly determine the wall contour of super/hypersonic nozzles working at multiply Mach number which share a common throat section.Mach number distribution along the centerline of the nozzle is specified in advance and divided into two sections,both of which are described by the b-spline function.The first section is shared by different exit Mach number nozzles.The nozzle contour is determined by the method of characteristics plus boundary layer correction.An example of this design method is employed to illustrate the technique with a computational fluid dynamics calculation.The simulation results indicate that desired Mach numbers are obtained at the nozzle exit,and the good flow quality is attained for different nozzles within δMa/Ma±0.56% in the flow core region.This technique improves the design precision of the converging-diverging nozzle,cancels waves completely,and achieves nozzles with multiple Mach number exiting which share a common throat section.     

Self-excited vibration problems of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system

The self-excited vibration problems of maglev vehicle-bridge interaction system were addressed, which greatly degrades the stability of the levitation control, decreases the ride comfort, and restricts the cost of the whole system. Firstly, the coupled model containing the quintessential parts was built, and the mechanism of self-excited vibration was explained in terms of energy transmission from levitation system to bridge. Then, the influences of the parameters of the widely used integral-type proportion and derivation（PD） controller and the delay of signals on the stability of the interaction system were analyzed. The result shows that the integral-type PD control is a nonoptimal approach to solve the self-excited vibration completely. Furthermore, the differential-type PD controller can guarantee the passivity of levitation system at full band. However, the differentiation of levitation gap should be filtered by a low-pass filter due to noise of gap differentiation. The analysis indicates that a well tuned low-pass filter can still keep the coupled system stable.     

装备科技成果转化模式研究

结合装备成果转化特点及我军装备管理机制、体制,对装备科技成果军内转化和向民转化的内在规律进行深入解剖和分析,归纳、提出9种转化模式,并重点对军内转化的4种模式进行比较,提出对装备科技成果转化的几点启示。     

新形势下推进基础研究成果“民为军用”问题研究

基础研究是自主创新发展的先导和源泉,是事关武器装备可持续发展的关键。新时期推进基础研究成果＂民为军用＂工作,对于贯彻落实军民融合重大战略思想、实现武器装备自主式发展具有重要意义。梳理了民口基础研究发展的基本现状,剖析了当前推进基础研究成果＂民为军用＂存在的主要问题和制约因素,并从建立组织管理机构、完善军事需求发布、探索成果挖掘机制和健全制度规范等4个方面提出了推进基础研究成果＂民为军用＂的思考建议。     

普适计算的可信研究*

随着应用规模的不断扩展以及具有无处不在性和便捷性的普适计算模式的特点,对普适计算环境下的可信保障提出了更高的要求。普适计算的可信保证是无时无处不在而又不可见的计算方式得以实施的重要保障,是普适计算领域的研究热点。从访问控制、隐私保护和容错三个方面阐述了普适计算的可信技术,并指出了该领域的未来研究发展趋势。     

基于AOP技术的通用线程监控平台GTMP*

提出并实现了基于AOP技术的通用线程监控平台。借助AOP的需求空间分离实现技术,使用该平台的原系统不必事先具有监控能力,该平台可以在不手动改变系统源代码的情况下通过工具自动植入系统内部,为系统注入监控功能,实现对运行线程信息的监视和对指定线程运行速度的变换,实现对整个系统运行行为的控制。