基于混料设计理论的透水混凝土骨料特征响应分析

骨料级配特征对透水混凝土配合比优化设计方法及其基本性能有较大影响.采用A,B,C 3种粒径的骨料进行混料设计试验,通过对大量的试验数据拟合与方差分析,建立了透水混凝土有效孔隙率、单位体积骨料颗粒数量、骨料比表面积、不同龄期抗压强度与骨料级配的关系式.研究结果对透水混凝土配合比设计方法优化和基本性能的预测具有重要的指导意义.     

铁路无砟轨道水泥乳化沥青砂浆吸振与隔振特性

采用加速度计测定了冲击荷载作用下普通混凝土与水泥乳化沥青砂浆（CA砂浆）试件以及试件下部钢板的振动加速度随时间的变化,并用落锤法对比了普通混凝土与CA砂浆的抗冲击破坏特性.研究表明：普通混凝土受到冲击后,其振动加速度随时间衰减不明显,且振动时间较长,其下部钢板也有类似规律;CA砂浆受到冲击后,其振动加速度表现为3个明显的衰减阶段,振动时间也要短于普通混凝土,同样CA砂浆下部钢板也有类似规律;与普通混凝土相比,CA砂浆表现出较好的吸振与隔振功能.抗冲击破坏的结果表明,CA砂浆的抗冲击性能优于普通混凝土.     

Vibration velocity control standard of buried pipeline under blast loading of adjacent tunnel

With the rapid development and construction of China’s transportation system, more and more projects are being conducted near existing buried pipelines, which will inevitably influence the safety of the pipelines. Among the safety issues related to buried pipelines, blasting during the construction of an adjacent tunnel is one of the most adverse factors for existing pipelines. To ensure the safety and normal operation of the pipelines, a method for determining the peak vibration velocity control standard for buried pipelines under blast loading is established in this study. The acceleration time-history function that acts on the rock mass under the blasting seismic wave is derived as external excitation acting on the pipeline. By using the acceleration time-history function as input and combining it with a dynamic and static analysis of the pipeline, the critical vibration velocity of pipelines under the action of blast loading can be determined by the von Mises yield criterion of the buried pipeline material. Using the Dashanpi No. 1 tunnel project in Shenzhen, China as a background, the critical velocity control standard for buried pipelines under tunnel blast loading can be set at 190 mm/s without considering either the initial defects or the corrosion conditions during the operation.     

Required strength of geosynthetics in a reinforced slope with tensile strength cut-off subjected to seepage effects

The Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) yield criterion is found to overestimate the tensile strength of cohesive soils. By introducing the concept of tensile strength cut-off, the M-C criterion is modified to reduce or eliminate the tensile strength from the criterion. In this study, a new approach is proposed to investigate the stability of geosynthetic-reinforced slopes in cohesive soils subjected to seepage effects by means of the kinematic approach of limit analysis. The distribution of pore-water pressure is obtained using the numerical modeling software package, FLAC3D. A kinematically admissible failure mechanism is discretized to incorporate the results from the numerical simulation. The strength of geosynthetics required for maintaining the slope stability is evaluated from the work-energy balance equation. An optimization routine is used to seek out the maximum value among all possible results. Design charts providing the normalized required reinforcement under different parameters are plotted for a parametric study and convenient use in engineering. The obtained results show that less reinforcement is required in the presence of soil cohesion, and that the inclusion of the effect of tensile strength cut-off leads to a more conservative solution, which is more obvious in the presence of seepage effects.     

Experimental and theoretical studies on the ultimate bearing capacity of geogrid-reinforced sand

Geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) structures have gained popularity in replacing concrete rigid piles as abutments to support medium or small-spanned bridge superstructures in recent years. This study conducted 13 model tests to investigate the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass when sand was used as backfill soil. The GRS mass was constructed and loaded to failure under a plane strain condition. Test results were compared with two analytical solutions available in literature. This study also proposed an analytical model for predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The failure surface of the GRS mass was described by the Rankine failure surface. The effects of compaction and reinforcement tension were equivalent to increased confining pressures to account for the reinforcing effects of the geosynthetic reinforcement. The proposed model was verified by the results of the model tests conducted in this study and reported in literature. Results indicated that the proposed model was more capable of predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass than the other two analytical solutions available in literature. The proposed model can be used to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of GRS structures when sand was used as backfill material. In addition, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of friction angle of backfill soil, reinforcement spacing, reinforcement strength, and reinforcement stiffness on the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass calculated with and without compaction effects. Results showed that the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass was significantly affected by the friction angle of backfill soil, reinforcement spacing and strength. Compaction effects resulted in an increase in the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass.     

乳化沥青对水化硅酸钙孔结构及微观形貌的影响

针对未掺乳化沥青的纯水化硅酸钙和用Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O,Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O,NaOH,去离子水及阴离子乳化沥青合成的水化硅酸钙,采用氮吸附-脱附试验、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法对比研究了乳化沥青对水化硅酸钙孔结构及微观形貌的影响,并运用FHH模型分析了其表面分形特征.结果表明:纯水化硅酸钙和掺杂乳化沥青的水化硅酸钙比表面积相差较小,且微孔分布几乎一致,说明掺杂乳化沥青后插层作用和"开孔"效应并未发生;乳化沥青可促进水化硅酸钙形成孔径较大的中孔,减少孔径较小的中孔,而对大孔及微孔的孔结构几乎没有影响;纯水化硅酸钙和掺杂乳化沥青的水化硅酸钙表面分形特征存在差异;沥青表面乳化剂中的—COOM基团与Ca键合可使水化硅酸钙胶束包裹在乳化沥青颗粒表面.     

基于GIS的小城镇固体废弃物管理信息系统研究

通过对全国的一些有特色的小城镇的调查与研究、提出小城镇在固体废弃物处理方面的弊端，并针对北京某小城镇的人口分布、建筑分布、道路交通、垃圾中转站分布、垃圾处理场分布、地形地貌等等大量数据和图形资料，引入地理信息系统（GIS），研制和开发了小城镇固体废弃物管理信息系统。通过建立空间数据库和属性数据库，实现了信息管理与查询、预测与统计、环境规划以及固体废弃物对水环境及土壤环境的影响评价等功能。     

MATLAB和Monte Carlo法在连续反应动力学中的应用

基于MATLAB语设计编写了Monte Carlo法处理连续化学反应的动力学计算及其计算机模拟的应用程序,将所编程序用于模拟3-丁烯腈在盐酸催化剂溶液中的水解反应,模拟结果与按照常规化学反应动力学公式的计算结果相比较,表明Monte Carlo法模拟对于预测反应动力学过程具有较高准确性。     

组合赋权法确定地质灾害危险性评价指标权重

针对现有地质灾害危险性评价中指标权重确定方法的不足,首先基于粗糙集理论提出了指标相对重要度的计算公式,并对主观赋权法中的AHP法进行了改进;然后与客观赋权法中的熵值法进行综合优化,求得评价指标的组合权重;最后,提出了一种综合分析方法来选取评价指标主、客观权重的偏好系数u值。该方法综合考虑了指标的主、客观成分,将专家判断和客观分析相结合,可以得到较为理想、合理的权重值。