Internet of Things Enabled Energy Aware Metaheuristic Clustering for Real Time Disaster Management

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a major element of Internet of Things (IoT) networks which offer seamless sensing and wireless connectivity. Disaster management in smart cities can be considered as a safety critical application. Therefore, it becomes essential in ensuring network accessibility by improving the lifetime of IoT assisted WSN. Clustering and multihop routing are considered beneficial solutions to accomplish energy efficiency in IoT networks. This article designs an IoT enabled energy aware metaheuristic clustering with routing protocol for real time disaster management (EAMCR-RTDM). The proposed EAMCR-RTDM technique mainly intends to manage the energy utilization of nodes with the consideration of the features of the disaster region. To achieve this, EAMCR-RTDM technique primarily designs a yellow saddle goatfish based clustering (YSGF-C) technique to elect cluster heads (CHs) and organize clusters. In addition, enhanced cockroach swarm optimization (ECSO) based multihop routing (ECSO-MHR) approach was derived for optimal route selection. The YSGF-C and ECSO-MHR techniques compute fitness functions using different input variables for achieving improved energy efficiency and network lifetime. The design of YSGF-C and ECSO-MHR techniques for disaster management in IoT networks shows the novelty of the work. For examining the improved outcomes of the EAMCR-RTDM system, a wide range of simulations were performed and the extensive results are assessed in terms of different measures. The comparative outcomes highlighted the enhanced outcomes of the EAMCR-RTDM algorithm over the existing approaches.     

Vibrational energy levels and vibronic structure of electronic spectra in molecules with large amplitude motions

This paper presents a software tool for determining the vibrational energy levels and the vibronic structure of electronic spectra in molecules showing one, two or more large amplitude motions. The program, ROVI, uses the potential functions and the kinetic terms for each electronic state in the construction of the hamiltonian matrix. The hamiltonian is solved variationally in a free rotor basis to obtain the energy levels and the wavefunctions. In addition, the temperature and the transition dipole moment are used for the calculation of the vibronic structure of the electronic spectrum. ROVI simulates the transitions as vertical lines or by a superposition of lorentzian functions. The program is used to illustrate the change in the vibronic structure of the S₀ → T₁ electronic spectrum of acetaldehyde with the temperature.     

On the influence of weave structure on pin-loaded strength of orthogonal 3D composites

Orthogonal three-dimensional (3D) carbon fibre fabrics with different weave structures were obtained by varying the yarn spacing and number of carbon filaments per tow in the x-, y- and z-directions during weaving. These weave structures were impregnated with epoxy resin to produce orthogonal 3D carbon/epoxy composites. In addition, one-dimensional (0° and 90° unidirectional) and two-dimensional (cross-ply and plain fabric) laminates were prepared from the same carbon fibres and epoxy resin. Single-hole pin-loaded specimens of each material were tested in tension, and the influences of reinforcement type, weave structure, specimen width-to-hole diameter ratio and edge distance-to-hole diameter ratio evaluated. Various modes of failure were observed in the specimens. The effect of in-plane and out-of-plane fibres on the pin-loaded strength of orthogonal 3D composites is discussed.     

Advancements and applications of position-sensitive detector (PSD):a review

This paper presents a review of the position-sensitive detector (PSD) sensor, covering different types of PSD and recent works related to this field. Furthermore, it explains the theoretical concepts and provides information about its structure and principles of operation. Moreover, it includes the main information about the available commercial PSDs from different companies, along with a comparison between the common modules. The PSD features include high position resolution, fast response, and a wide dynamic range. These features make it suitable for various fields and applications, such as imaging, spectrometry, spectroscopy and others.     

Study of combustion and emission of a SI engine at various CR fuelled with different ratios of biobutanol/hydrogen fuel

The global requirement is shifting to territorial independence of energy sources, and the introduction of alcohols and biofuels are the primary sectors. Recently agriculture products-based ethanol has replaced a larger portion of gasoline. Butanol is another impressive fuel in the same chain, much better than ethanol in many parameters. Butanol has certain limitations, too, such as higher latent heat and low heating value. Therefore, biobutanol/hydrogen is tested experimentally at various compression ratios (CR) in the present study. Brake thermal efficiency was not significantly changed by CR at 90% butanol, while CR is more impressive with increasing hydrogen. The flame development period was reduced by 34%, while the flame propagation phase was reduced by 29% by increasing CR to 15 and hydrogen to 25%. Peak pressure and heat release rate surged by 12.89% and 12.32% and advanced by 6°CA. The coefficient of variations is also reduced by 21% by increasing CR to 15 and hydrogen to 30%. Higher hydrogen faced combustion difficulties due to increasing stratification and heterogeneity during combustion. Unlikely to trend, T_max (peak cylinder temperature) and NO_x were continuously increased with CR and hydrogen due to increased fuel quantity and larger mass burning before TDC. However, CO and HC emissions were reduced by CR due to increased BTE (brake thermal efficiency) and reduced by hydrogen due to less HC supply. A slight increase in HC and CO was noticed for higher hydrogen due to local heterogeneity and disassociation at high temperatures.     

Process Modelling and Experimental Analysis of Optimal Specimen Selection in Organic CMCs

Bone grafting is a surgical restructuring procedure of replacing broken bones and reconstructing missing bone pieces so that complex bone fractures can be repaired to avoid any serious health risk as well as permanent bone disfiguration. Normally, human bones tend to regenerate and heal completely from fracture. But it needs a small scaffold to provide the necessary space to grow. Bone implants allow a broken bone to grow seamlessly. Traditionally, non-corrosive metal alloys are used for fixing broken bones. A metal plate is fastened between two ends of broken bones to join them. However, issues like high weight, high cost, low wear resistance, etc. led to the emergence of ceramics and ceramic-based composites in surgical engineering. Recent trends indicate the usage of organic ceramics and their associated composites as biomimetic materials for prostheses and other biomedical applications. This research paper deals with the fabrication of one such type of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) specimen with sea sponge and cuttlebone using powder metallurgy process by varying composition of cuttlebone, the particle size of the ceramics and sintering temperature of green compacts. Evaluation of thermo-mechanical properties and optimization of process parameters is carried out using the preferential selection index (PSI) method. The results obtained from this technique are further validated using Multi-Level General Factorial Design (MLGFD).     

Type II fuzzy-based clustering with improved ant colony optimization-based routing (t2fcatr) protocol for secured data transmission in manet

The Journal of Supercomputing - Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) include a collection of distinct and autonomous nodes that move independently and send data using wireless channels. Clustering and...     

Electrochemical investigations on cobalt-microencapsulated MmNi2.38Al0.82Co0.66Si0.77Fe0.13Mn0.24 hydrogen storage alloys for Ni–MH batteries

Cobalt coatings were applied over lanthanum process-rich MmNi_2.38Al_0.82Co_0.66Si_0.77Fe_0.13Mn_0.24 alloy particles by an autocatalytic electroless deposition process. Electrode characteristics such as electrochemical capacity and cycle life were studied for the uncoated and coated alloys. The structure and morphology of the surface modified samples were characterized with XRD and SEM/EDAX techniques. The cobalt coating forms a thin layer on the surface of the core material and the coated alloys exhibit a 15% improvement in performance over the bare alloy. A comparison of the electrochemical impedance behaviour of the bare and cobalt-coated metal hydride electrodes at different states-of-charge reveals that the relaxation period is distinct for different SOCs. The cobalt microencapsulations influence the apparent activation energy of the dehydriding process. The calculated equivalent rate constant (k_eq) values confirm the improvement in reversibility for the cobalt-coated alloy as compared to the bare alloy.     

Design and performance studies of a solar dryer suitable for rural applications

This research paper is aimed at investigating means for food preservation using processes suitable for implementation in rural areas, where energy resources are scarce. Bearing in mind the low cost of capital investment and utilization possibilities, mainly agricultural drying, we have fabricated different types of solar dryers. Air flow in the drying system is by natural convection. The performance of the various types of solar dryers, along with a preliminary heat transfer analysis, is presented.     

Numerical modelling of flow phenomena in a pump with a multi-piped impeller

The multi-piped impeller (MPI) is a completely new, patented approach to the design of the impellers of pumps operating with a very low specific speed n_q < 10. Such a construction is a development of the concept of a pumping disc with drilled holes (a drilled impeller). In order to identify the flow phenomena in such an impeller, numerical calculations were done taking into account the influence of the grid size and turbulence model on the accuracy and time of the calculations. The numerical model was validated by comparison with experimental results. The calculation results were presented and discussed.