西北地区地源热泵工程运用分析

结合具体工程案例,本文分析了地源热泵技术在西北地区的工程运用及设计步骤。文中详细介绍了地埋管换热器的换热特性测试系统及测试方法,并依照测试结果,设计地源热泵联合太阳能系统。通过对垂直U形地埋管换热器冬夏季取热和排热测试,分析不同换热工况下单双U管换热器换热特性,结合当地钻孔难度大以及地埋管换热器取热量小的特点,采用双U地埋管换热器。测试过程中,对不同入口温度、流量工况换热能力进行测试分析,提出在某些地区,地源热泵工程设计采用"大流量,小温差"的设计理念。     

A virtual reality study of surrounding obstacles on BIPV systems for estimation of long-term performance of partially shaded PV arrays

This work presents a new analytical method to evaluate the efficiency of PV systems working in partial shading conditions by taking into account the effect of surrounding obstacles. A mathematical procedure to determine the shadowed area on PV modules, depending on the location of the PV system and obstacles nearby the array has been implemented. This methodology allows the study of the power losses present in the PV systems due to partial shading conditions as well as its effect on the evolution of the maximum power point of the array. The application of this methodology on the behavior of three PV systems located in different cities of Turkey, such as Istanbul, Izmir, and Antalya, working under the same conditions of obstacle surrounding, along a year is presented.     

氟化物在我国饮用水水源和饮用水中的分布调查及健康影响

综述了氟化物和人体健康的关系，以及世界各国和地区饮用水中氟化物浓度标准限值的规定，分析了我国不同类型、不同地区、不同流域的水源水和出厂水中的氟化物浓度的分布、超标、超检（检出并超过标准值的50％）和检出情况，并针对这些分析结果提出了关于标准限值的修订及今后进一步研究的方向。     

A study on ceiling jet characteristics in an inclined tunnel

The characteristics of a ceiling jet of an inclined tunnel in a fire will be studied and reported in this paper. Scale modeling experiments on a ceiling jet in a model tunnel of length 3.0 m, width 0.8 m and height 1.0 m inclined at different angles of 0°, 10°, 20° and 30° were carried out. Numerical studies by large eddy simulation were then performed. Both experimental observation and numerical simulation indicated that the characteristics of the temperature and velocity fields near the upper tunnel are different from those obtained using the empirical equations reported in the literature. Another set of empirical equations for gas temperature and flow velocity along the tunnel were fitted by experimental data. These derived empirical equations are useful for estimating the temperature and flow velocity patterns for the ceiling jet in an inclined tunnel with an angle within the range 0–30°.     

Landscape metrics in the analysis of urban land use patterns: A case study in a Spanish metropolitan area

Urban growth patterns are characteristic of spatial changes that take place in metropolitan areas (MA). They are particularly prominent in more recently formed MAs, such as those in certain locations in Spain, where the structure of the traditional city has undergone sweeping changes. Given the capacity of spatial metrics to characterize landscape structure, these metrics can be a valuable instrument to identify growth patterns in MAs and to evaluate possible urban growth options, based on spatial characteristics.This article focuses on a medium-sized MA (Granada, Spain), and explores the use of spatial metrics to quantify changes in the urban growth patterns reflected in three future scenarios (2020). The scenarios were simulated with a model based on cellular automata, which reproduced three urban growth processes (aggregation, compaction, and dispersion) and four urban growth patterns (aggregated, linear, leapfrogging, and nodal). The scenarios were evaluated with metrics that quantified changes in the spatial characteristics of urban processes. Thus, for example, the NP and AREA_MN allowed us to characterize the decreased aggregation of high-density residential land uses in one scenario (S1) and the linear growth patterns in industrial land uses in another scenario (S2). In this way, spatial metrics were found to be useful for the evaluation of urban planning.     

张家口市洋河新区城市照明专项规划研究

介绍了张家口市洋河新区城市照明专项规划。按照优先发展功能照明、合理设置景观照明的规划原则,在城市照明规划中引入高效、环保、安全、舒适的绿色照明理念,并借助计算机仿真技术,对城市照明规划方法进行了新的探索与研究。     

广西北海市内涝成因分析及应对策略

针对目前国内城市内涝频发的现状,以北海为例,全面分析沿海地区城市内涝的特点和成因,总结出"低"、"堵"、"顶"三大人为导致内涝的核心原因,提出综合协调相关规划、构建城市蓝绿空间、改造和完善雨水系统、保障规划顺利实施、加强雨水系统监控管理等应对策略,以解决城市内涝问题为切入点,将北海建设成安全和谐的新型宜居滨海城市。     

Socioeconomic burden of air pollution in China: Province-level analysis based on energy economic model

In this study, we apply to China the China Regional Energy Model, developed as part of the Regional Emissions Air-Quality Climate Health (REACH) assessment framework, and estimate PM_2.5-associated health costs. We estimate that, in 2015, exposure to PM_2.5 caused a nationwide welfare loss of US$248 billion (3.6% of the baseline welfare level). Over half the cost is from mortalities associated with chronic exposure, followed by broader economic loss (38%) and direct loss from short-term exposure (9%). The cost varies among provinces (0.5%–5.8% of the baseline welfare level), due to subnational heterogeneity in air quality, population density, and income levels. The cost in absolute terms is large in populous, coastal provinces, such as Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong, but when the local economy size is controlled for, the Greater Beijing area and central inland provinces also suffer large welfare losses in relative terms.