The influence of experimental conditions on the morphology and phase composition of Nb-doped ZrO2 films prepared by spark anodization

This paper reports the morphological and microstructural characterization of Nb-doped ZrO₂ films obtained by anodic doping in conditions of spark electrolytic breakdown. The oxide films were prepared by galvanostatic anodization of metallic Zr in oxalic acid solution containing ammonium oxaloniobate, NH₄H₂[NbO(C₂O₄)₃]⋅3H₂O using Nb(V) ions as the precursor dopant. The characterization was performed by SEM and XRD. A factorial design was used to optimize the experiments and study the influence of experimental variables on morphology and phase composition. The results demonstrated that the dopant concentration is the most important factor that affected the analyzed responses. A significant influence of this variable was observed on the pore average diameter and on the percentage of the stabilized tetragonal phase. The temperature also affected the phase composition, however no effect was observed on the morphological response.     

Spontaneous combustion liability between coal seams: A thermogravimetric study

The spontaneous combustion liability of coal can be determined by using different experimental techniques. These techniques are well-known in their application, but no certain test method has become a standard to prove the reliability of all of them. A general characterisation which included proximate and ultimate analyses, petrographic properties and spontaneous combustion tests(thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and the Wits-Ehac tests) were conducted on fourteen coal and four coal-shale samples.The spontaneous combustion liability of these samples collected between coal seams(above and below)were predicted using the TGA and the Wits-Ehac tests. Six different heating rates(3, 6, 9, 15, 20 and 25 °C/min) were selected based on the deviation coefficient to obtain different derivative slopes and a liability index termed the TG_(spc) index. This study found that coal and coal-shale undergo spontaneous combustion between coal seams when exposed to oxygen in the air. Their intrinsic properties and proneness towards spontaneous combustion differ considerably from one seam to the other. The Wits-Ehac test results agreed with the TG_(spc) results to a certain extent and revealed the incidents of spontaneous combustion in the coal mines.     

采空区遗煤自燃危险性评价的熵权可拓方法

为客观判定采空区煤炭自燃的危险性,采用熵权理论分析评价指标的权重,能有效避免分析过程中的主观因素影响,从而得出更客观的权重系数。建立了熵权可拓综合评价模型,利用某煤矿采空区遗煤自燃情况的实例,验证了此方法预测的准确性,得出了与实际情况相符的结论。研究表明,熵权可拓综合评价法能较好地预测采空区遗煤自燃,为煤矿自燃"三带"的划分提供了一定的依据,且计算简便,对实际生产具有指导意义。     

Aging and mechanical behavior of type 304/347 welded joints

Metallographic studies are reported of precipitation effects in type 304 stainless steel joined using type 347 weld metal and aged at 600 and 700°C. The changes in microhardness across the welded joint during aging and the relative resistance to fracture of the weld and base metal have been determined. The results obtained indicate that the weld metal becomes stronger than the base metal at long aging times and that tensile fracture occurs in the base metal of such specimens.     

样品加热结合空间约束的飞秒激光诱导击穿光谱用于合金元素定量分析研究

铝合金是工业应用中最广泛的有色金属,添加一定元素形成的合金成为理想的结构材料,如何快速、精确的检测合金中元素的含量是生产和使用中的关键问题。实验基于样品加热结合空间约束的飞秒激光诱导击穿光谱方法(Femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,fs-LIBS)对铝合金元素进行了定量分析,探讨了样品加热结合空间约束条件下等离子体辐射光谱增强、稳定性提高的物理原因。实验结果发现,利用样品加热空间约束方法,等离子体辐射光谱增强,随着靶材温度的升高,等离子体辐射存在时间也明显延长;通过对铝合金系列中的Mn元素进行分析,比较了无约束、空间约束和样品加热结合空间约束实验条件下fs-LIBS的检出限、相对标准偏差和拟合度值,相比于无约束fs-LIBS,通过样品加热空间约束,在样品温度为150℃时,检出限和相对标准偏差值分别大约降低到原来的1/5和1/4,同时拟合度达到0.99以上。因此,利用样品加热结合空间约束方法,可以提高LIBS技术对于合金元素定量分析的探测灵敏度和分析精度。     

适应电网快速调频的热电联产机组新型变负荷控制策略

随可再生能源装机容量的不断增加, 燃煤机组需逐渐从主力发电模式向灵活性运行模式转变, 以增加可再生能源发电进网空间.为提升燃煤机组运行灵活性, 提出了一种利用主蒸汽抽汽储热实现灵活性运行的调节方法, 采用㶲分析理论对600 MW亚临界燃煤机组在50% THA、35% THA和利用储热技术实现35% THA三种工况进行分析.结果表明: 3种运行工况损失最大的设备为锅炉; 机组降负荷运行, 收益㶲效率降低.采用储热技术将机组负荷降至35% THA比机组通过减少煤量降至35% THA的收益减小0.59%;节流阀的节流效应及储热材料在储热和释热过程中与蒸汽(给水)之间存在传热温差, 使采用储热技术将机组负荷降至35% THA的㶲损失增加了2.21%.本研究可为燃煤机组灵活性运行系统设计提供参考.

     

强非线性波作用下海上风机动力特性模型试验研究

目的  单桩式基础是目前近海海上风电场应用最广泛的支撑结构。中国海洋环境多为浅水和中等水深,受到非线性波浪影响较为明显。与行进波相比,聚焦波可以在短时间内形成一个作用在桩柱上、比常规波浪力大的冲击力,从而影响海上风机的运行性能和疲劳寿命。文章旨在探究强非线性波浪作用下海上风机单桩基础荷载特性,掌握聚焦波与基础相互作用规律,为工程设计提供参考。 方法  文章采用水池模型试验的方法对NREL 5 MW单桩海上风机开展研究,缩尺比例为1∶80。结合我国东部沿海风电场的海洋环境条件,选取了三种典型聚焦波模型,通过浪高仪器和测力天平分别记录了不同工况下单桩周围波浪爬高和底部受力变化情况。 结果  结果表明：桩基所受的水平波浪力具有很强的瞬态性;单桩基础所受水平波浪力在聚焦波的作用下会突然增大,在波谷会受到反向冲击力。 结论  文章揭示了聚焦波引起的海上风机单桩基础荷载变化规律,证实了非线性波浪对于风机基础动力特性的重要影响,相关成果具有较高的理论和工程应用价值。     

深部裂隙煤岩体变形破坏机理及高压注浆改性强化试验研究

为了对深部高应力裂隙煤岩体变形破坏特征及改性强化机理进行研究,首先采用小孔径水压致裂法对埋深500 m左右和1 000 m左右的地应力分布特征进行现场实测研究,以此为基础对比分析了不同埋深条件下地应力分布特征、煤岩体破裂强度及典型裂隙分布发育特征,拟合得到了不同埋深条件下裂隙煤岩体摩尔强度包络线公式。采用数值模拟方法对比研究了不同埋深不同应力水平条件下煤岩体不同角度裂隙变形破坏特征。根据裂隙扩展应变能释放率与能量吸收率间的关系,探讨了影响深部裂隙煤岩体改性强化的主要影响因素。通过建立裂隙悬臂梁力学模型,采用格里菲斯裂纹扩展破坏准则分析了裂隙扩展临界载荷和裂隙不同角度间的关系。基于现场实测及数值模拟研究结果,通过对不同埋深煤岩体破裂强度的统计分析,结合煤岩体改性强化的工艺及装备要求,提出了深部裂隙煤岩体改性强化的基本原则及临界值范围。基于上述研究成果,在千米深井工作面巷道进行了现场试验,得到了裂隙煤岩体改性强化高压注浆全过程改性压力曲线。通过对裂隙煤岩体不同改性强化阶段浆液扩散特征的分析,最大注浆改性强化压力为30 MPa,一般为15～20 MPa,与提出的改性原则相符。通过现场取样表征...