Influences of internal erosion on infiltration and slope stability

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Rainfall-induced slope failures in natural terrains are destructive natural disasters. Transport of fine particles may be induced by the...     

Evolution mechanism of the microstructure and mechanical properties of plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized hafnia thermal barrier coating at 1400 °C

Yttria stabilized hafnia (Hf_0.84Y_0.16O_1.92, YSH16) coatings were sprayed by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The effects of thermal aging at 1400 °C on the microstructures, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the coatings were studied. The results show that the as-sprayed coating was composed of the cubic phase, and the nano-sized monoclinic (M) phase was precipitated in the annealed coating. The presence of M phase effectively constrained the sintering of the coating due to its superior sintering-resistance. The Young's modulus kept at a nearly same level of ~78 GPa even after annealing, and the coating annealed for 6 h yielded a maximum value of hardness but revealed a declining tendency in the Vicker's hardness with prolonged sintering time. The thermal conductivity increased from 0.8-0.95 W m^-1 K^-1 at as-sprayed state to 1.6 W m^-1 K^-1 after annealing at 1400 °C for 96 h. The dual-phase coating is promising to serve at temperatures above 1400 °C due to its excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties.     

Influence of Y2O3 on the microstructure and tribological properties of Ti-based wear-resistant laser-clad layers on TC4 alloy

Multi-track Ti-based wear-resistant composite coatings were fabricated on TC4 alloy surfaces using laser-clad TC4 + Ni45 + Co–WC mixed powders with different Y₂O₃ contents (0, 1, and 3 wt%). The microstructure, microhardness, and tribological properties of the coatings were characterised using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, electron probe X-ray micro analyser, microhardness tester, and friction and wear testing apparatus. The results showed that the number of cracks on the coating surfaces gradually decreased with the addition of Y₂O₃ and that residual Co–WC powders existed in the coating subsurfaces. The phase composition of the coatings with different Y₂O₃ contents remained unchanged and was mainly composed of reinforcing phases of TiC, TiB₂, Ti₂Ni, and matrix α-Ti. With the addition of Y₂O₃, the coating microstructure was remarkably refined, the direction characteristic of the TiC dendrites obviously weakened, and the nucleation rate significantly increased. When the added Y₂O₃ was 3 wt%, a large amount of TiB₂–TiC-dependent growth composite phases precipitated in the coating. The two-dimensional lattice misfit between (0001)_TiB2 and (111)_TiC was 0.912%, which indicated that TiB₂ and TiC formed a coherent interface. When the amount of Y₂O₃ was increased, the microhardness of the coatings gradually decreased, and the wear volume of the coatings first increased and then decreased. Under the effect of the TiB₂–TiC composite phases, the wear resistance of the 3 wt% Y₂O₃ coating was optimal. The 3 wt% Y₂O₃ coating friction coefficient was the lowest, and the wear mechanism was abrasive wear.     

低速船用柴油机主轴承弹流润滑性能分析

以某低速二冲程船用柴油机为研究对象，结合弹性流体动力学、多体动力学以及有限元方法，建立了包含机架-机座-主轴承盖-曲轴的整机动力学润滑耦合分析模型，对低速船舶柴油机主轴承的润滑性能进行研究。研究结果表明:第7主轴承(靠近飞轮端)润滑性能最为恶劣，总压峰值达到87.95 MPa，高出其他主轴承19.7%至413.7%不等；在整个推进工况主轴承油膜厚度均满足最小膜厚要求；不同工况轴承液动润滑和混合润滑的时间占比也不尽相同，液动润滑占比从100%负荷的20.7%提高到25%负荷的99.3%；轴承结构对主轴承的润滑磨损性能有较大影响，径向间隙的设计须综合考虑油膜承载与摩擦功耗。     

面向对象的柴油机多功能仿真软件开发与应用

提出了一种发动机通用性能仿真软件的开发思路,并基于此完成了软件开发工作。基于C++语言,设计了一种面向对象的通用程序框架,可以实现多种仿真计算功能,包括稳态下的一维详细计算、容积法计算、实时计算及瞬态计算。气缸、进排气道、管接头、涡轮增压器等主要组件包含多种计算模型,可以根据建模需求进行选择。针对某型中速柴油机,详细介绍了软件性能计算的操作流程,并将计算结果与试验数据进行对比。结果表明,软件有较高的计算精度,而且实时计算功能完全能满足实时分析的要求,实时率可以达到3.92。     

Modeling and evaluating construction project competencies and their relationship to project performance

In contemporary construction environments, construction organizations measure their performance against a set of predefined performance measures. These performance measures are governed by the ability of the organization to maintain necessary sets of “competencies” that assist in the successful execution of its construction projects. Competencies are often difficult to define and measure due to the multidimensional and subjective nature of their assessment. This paper identifies 41 project competencies with a total of 248 criteria for evaluating the different project competencies. This paper also identifies seven performance categories with 46 project key performance indicators. A systematic framework and methodology are presented in this paper to measure project competencies and project key performance indicators. A new modeling approach considering prioritized fuzzy aggregation, factor analysis, and fuzzy neural networks is presented to identify the relationship between project competencies and project key performance indicators. Data collected from seven construction projects are first aggregated using prioritized fuzzy aggregation to measure the different construction project competencies. The different project competencies are then analyzed using factor analysis. The factor analysis results are used with the prioritized fuzzy aggregation results to calculate inputs for the fuzzy neural networks. The fuzzy neural networks are then trained and tested using the data collected from the seven construction projects to identify and quantify the relationship between the different project competencies and project key performance indicators. This paper contributes to the current body of knowledge in project competencies and performance by establishing a standardized framework and methodology for evaluating the impact of construction project competencies on project key performance indicators. Furthermore, this paper incorporates advanced modeling techniques through the application of fuzzy set theory and neural networks to identify the relationship between the different project competencies and project key performance indicators. Identifying the relationship between construction project competencies and project key performance indicators allows construction organizations to improve their overall construction project performance by enhancing their projects competencies.     

Manifolds in electromagnetism and superconductor modelling: Using their properties to model critical current of twisted conductors in self-field with 2-D model

Physical phenomena do not depend on coordinates or metric used in computations. Keeping this in mind, it is possible to form a more general modelling perspective than many modelling programs offer. The theory of Riemannian manifolds offers foundations for a rigorous formulation of boundary value problems that are often faced in many engineering applications. For classical electromagnetism, differential forms are natural objects to model field quantities on manifolds. Important modelling principles, such as equivalence of two problems and dimensional reduction by continuous symmetry, can be formulated clearly in this framework. Naturally, there are also good tools for implementing software packages based on these ideas. In this paper we introduce this foundation and consider how the critical current of twisted superconductor in self-field can be computed with two dimensional (2-D) model without losing any information. We begin by briefly introducing the general framework for presenting boundary value problems on manifolds. Then, we discuss about the equivalence and symmetry of boundary value problems and we present the equation system we need to solve for magnetostatics problem in 2-D domains characterized by the combination of translation and rotation symmetry in three dimensional Euclidean coordinate system. This formulation is then finally used to compute the critical current of twisted superconductors when the local critical current density – magnetic flux density relation is known.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of void damage in aluminum alloy welds under thermal cycling condition

Experimental and numerical investigations on thermal cycling induced void damage in aluminum alloy welds are presented. Microstructural and fractographic observations demonstrate that void nucleation around the second phase particles governs the damage process. A modified void nucleation model is presented to characterize the effect of thermal cycling assisted voiding. The physical simulation technique and finite element calculations are applied respectively to determine the local mechanical properties and damage parameters of the different parts of the welded joint. This model is successfully implemented in the finite element code to describe the void damage evolution of the welded joint under thermal cycling conditions.     

Thermal cycling and hot corrosion behavior of a novel LaPO4/YSZ double-ceramic-layer thermal barrier coating

LaPO₄ powders were produced by a chemical co-precipitation and calcination method. The ceramic exhibited a monazite structure, kept phase stability at 1400?°C for 100?h, and had low thermal conductivity (~ 1.41?W/m?K, 1000?°C). LaPO₄/Y₂O₃ partially stabilized ZrO₂ (LaPO₄/YSZ) double-ceramic-layer (DCL) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were fabricated by air plasma spray. The LaPO₄ coating contained many nanozones. Thermal cycling tests indicated that the spallation of LaPO₄/YSZ DCL TBCs initially occurred in the LaPO₄ coating. The failure mode was similar to those of many newly developed TBCs, probably due to the low toughness of the ceramics. LaPO₄/YSZ DCL TBCs were highly resistant to V₂O₅ corrosion. Exposed to V₂O₅ at 700–900?°C for 4?h, La(P,V)O₄ formed as the corrosion product, which had little detrimental effect on the coating microstructure. At 1000?°C for 4?h, a minor amount of LaVO₄ was generated.     

An improved interface element with variable nodes for non-matching finite element meshes

Extensive improvements of the interface element method (IEM) are proposed for the efficient treatment of non-matching finite element meshes. Our approach enables us to establish the master element via the moving least-square (MLS) approximation, and so to remove the cumbersome process of constructing interface elements. The values of shape functions and their derivatives are therefore mapped from the master element, as in the conventional finite element method. For the assurance of convergence and compatibility condition, a patch test is demonstrated. Through several examples of 2D linear elasticity, the convergence rate is compared between the present interface element and the previous version.