甜荞麦麸皮蛋白质提取工艺研究

以甜荞麦麸皮为原料,分别以碱法和盐法提取蛋白质.通过单因素实验和正交试验,探讨了不同因素对蛋白质提取率的影响,确定了最佳提取参数.结果表明,碱法和盐法提取蛋白质的等电点分别为3.8和4.2.碱法提取蛋白质的最优条件为:pH 10.5,料液比1∶25,温度45℃,时间4h,在此条件下提取率高达70.5%.盐法提取蛋白质的最优条件为:pH 7.8,NaCl浓度0.3mol/L,料液比1∶20,温度45℃,时间1.5h,此条件下的提取率高达57.3%.     

玉米黄素二葡萄糖苷的发酵条件优化

为优化噬夏孢欧文氏菌合成玉米黄素二葡萄糖苷的最佳发酵条件,通过单因素实验,分析了碳源、氮源、培养基初始pH值、培养温度以及培养时间对噬夏孢欧文氏菌的生长和玉米黄素二葡萄糖苷产量的影响,同时,为确定最佳培养条件又进行了正交实验及结果分析。实验结果表明,所确定的噬夏孢欧文氏菌发酵生产玉米黄素二葡萄糖苷的最佳培养条件为:葡萄糖质量浓度为25g/L,酵母粉质量浓度为20g/L,初始pH值6.0,培养温度为30℃。同时,按此优化条件培养噬夏孢欧文氏菌培养发酵48h,得到玉米黄素二葡萄糖苷的产量比优化前提高了163%。该研究为玉米黄素二葡萄糖苷的工业化生产奠定了基础。     

添加不同碳氮源对蛹虫草子实体生长的影响

以蛹虫草CM2品种为供试菌株,蛹虫草子实体的产量及虫草素含量为指标,以麦粒为基础培养基,添加5种不同碳氮源,观察对蛹虫草菌丝及子实体生长的影响.结果表明,在5种碳氮源中蔗糖和蛋白胨最有利于蛹虫草子实体生长,子实体在100g培养料中产量分别为57g和55.67g.虫草素含量分别高达15.76mg/g和14.32mg/g.     

超声提取贯叶连翘中总黄酮和金丝桃素的工艺研究

研究了从贯叶连翘中同时提取总黄酮和金丝桃素的最佳工艺条件,探讨了采用超声波辅助乙醇提取的方法来考查乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数等因素对总黄酮和金丝桃素得率的影响,并结合正交试验确定最佳工艺.实验结果表明,最佳工艺参数为乙醇浓度70%、料液比1∶25、提取温度50℃、提取时间60min、提取2次,总黄酮和金丝桃素的得率分别为7.02%和0.178%,采用此工艺提取快速、简便,为贯叶连翘资源的开发利用奠定了基础.     

纳豆芽孢杆菌菌剂的制备工艺

采用单因素及正交试验对纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵培养基、pH、温度、发酵时间等条件进行了考察,利用喷雾干燥法制备菌剂,考察了β-环糊精、蔗糖、可溶性淀粉及脱脂奶粉作为保护剂对菌剂制备的影响,并研究了储藏时间及条件对菌剂发酵活力的影响.研究结果表明:纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵培养基为黄豆浸汁培养基:黄豆以5倍水体积浸泡8~14h,121℃~126℃,0.1~0.15MPa处理1h,滤除黄豆,取豆水,加入5%的葡萄糖和0.02%的K2HPO4,调节pH至7.0;最优发酵工艺:初始pH7.0,37℃发酵10h;喷雾干燥最佳保护剂为5%脱脂奶粉;菌剂4℃冷藏180d以内不影响发酵活力.上述工艺下所制得的纳豆芽孢杆菌菌剂活菌数为6.5×108 CFU/g,发酵生产纳豆激酶性能良好.发酵生产纳豆激酶酶活为2 000~2 200IU/g.本研究为纳豆芽孢杆菌菌剂制备提供了一条较为合理的工艺路线.     

柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸累积释药率的测定

采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定了柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸在人工胃液和磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=6.8)中的累积释药率,并分别对其释药模型进行拟合.结果显示缓释微丸在磷酸盐缓冲液中12h的累积释药率为83.22%,释药模型符合Higuchi方程;在人工胃液中12h的累积释药率为55.42%,释药模型为Higuchi方程.相较于人工胃液,柿叶总黄酮缓释微丸在磷酸盐缓冲液中具有良好的释药性能.     

海红果苹果复合汁酿酒工艺研究

为了改善苹果酒生产中酸度低、单宁少的缺陷,以红富士苹果为原料,经榨汁、护色、海红果汁调整成分、发酵、澄清等工艺生产苹果酒,并与柠檬酸调整苹果汁成分的发酵进行对比,得出海红果汁调节苹果汁酸度酿造苹果酒优于传统的柠檬酸调酸,其优化工艺条件为:初始pH3.6,初始糖度24°Brix,发酵温度20℃,酵母接种量为0.3‰,在此条件下所得苹果酒金黄色,果香酒香协调浓郁,酒体复杂丰满.     

Influence of thinning on acidic deposition in Chinese fir plantations简

Acidic deposition,which is mainly caused by atmospheric pollution,is one of the global environmental problems.Thinning is an effective management to improve the tree productivity,reduce the wildfire risk and maintain a healthy forest.Since thinning may reduce the effect of acidic deposition,the effect of thinning on acidic deposition was estimated.The biomass,soil properties,pH value of runoff and groundwater in both unthinned and thinned Chinese fir plantations were measured and compared over a 5-year period（2-6 years after thinning）.The results indicated that acidic deposition in the Huitong State Ecosystem Research Station was serious,and it got worse with time.Forest thinning resulted in a huge change in biomass and soil properties.During the 5-year monitoring period,biomasses of understory and litter,plant species richness,coverage of undergrowth plant layer were significantly higher in thinned site than in unthinned site.Moreover,higher soil fertility as well as lower amounts of runoff and groundwater were found in thinned site.It was suggested that thinning could improve the structure of forest,leading to restoring the effluent（runoff and groundwater） pH to the normal value.     

Dual-responsive shape memory hydrogels with self-healing and dual-responsive swelling behaviors

Shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) can fix the hydrogels in a provisional shape and restore the initial shape under external stimulation. Herein, a dual-responsive shape memory hydrogel with dual-responsive swelling and self-healing properties is presented in this work. The SMHs were fabricated by one-step emulsion copolymerization of acrylic acid (AAc), acrylamide (AAm) and stearyl methacrylate (SMA). Sodium alginate (SA) was introduced as an interpenetrating polymer in the network. With ionic cross-linking between -COO⁻ and Fe³⁺ or saline-reinforced hydrophobic association, the hydrogels can be fixed in a provisional shape, which can be restored by immersing the hydrogels in vitamin C solution or pure water, respectively. When the as-prepared hydrogels were immersed in FeCl₃ solutions, additional ionic cross-linking between Fe³⁺ and -COO⁻ could be formed, thus constructing the dual physically cross-linked (DPC) network, which endows the hydrogels with excellent fracture stress (2.6 MPa) and toughness (5.47 MJ/m³). Besides, the reversible physical cross-linkings endowed the hydrogel with outstanding self-healing capability. Furthermore, the pH and saline responsive swelling properties of the SMHs are additional fantastic properties. Therefore, we believe that this simple strategy provides a great opportunity for the preparation of SMHs with multiple intellectual performances.     

Antibacterial activity and mechanism of piperazine polymer

Piperazine polymers poly(ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride-co-piperazine) (PE) and MGF-Ct24E-modified poly(ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride-co-piperazine) (PEM) showed good antibacterial activity. Considering their different applications, the effects of time, pH, and inoculation concentration of these antibacterials against Escherichia coli (E. coli) in unique environments were evaluated in this study. The results indicated that the MIC and MBC values of the polymers increased after the introduction of MGF-Ct24E into PE, but the two types of polymers still exhibited good antibacterial activity in a short time period under acidic conditions. In addition, we investigated the effect of the piperazine polymers on bacterial cell structure. It was clear that PE and PEM could destroy the bacterial cell wall, cell membrane and DNA, and their specific mechanism may be different. For PE, its carboxyl group could react with peptidoglycans on the E.coli cell wall to form holes on the bacterial surface, allowing PE to penetrate into the bacterial cell to damage DNA. For PEM, the alkaline MGF-Ct24E could adsorb E.coli and make it shrink, meanwhile, the PE component created small holes on the bacterial walls and membranes, and inserted into the bacteria to result in bactericidal effect. These findings reveal the potential usefulness of PE and PEM in biomedical applications.