基于气体基压电复合材料的线聚焦空耦超声传感器研制与应用

空气耦合式超声检测技术因具有非接触、无损伤等特点,被广泛应用于材料的非接触检测。本文从晶硅太阳能电池的实际检测需求出发,设计并制作了一种气体基线聚焦空气耦合（空耦）式超声传感器,与传统的聚合物基空气耦合（空耦）式超声传感器相比,气体基线聚焦空耦传感器利用了3D打印技术将聚合物基框架改进为镂空结构,进一步降低了压电复合材料的声阻抗。所研制的传感器中心频率约为150 kHz,聚焦半径为20 mm,孔径为28 mm。对传感器进行了激励接收性能测试,并采用空耦超声Lamb波检测技术,对含有裂纹缺陷的单晶硅太阳能电池片进行非接触式检测,通过分析接收信号的幅值信息并利用相关系数法,完成了对裂纹缺陷的检出和定位,实现了气体基线聚焦空耦传感器在缺陷检测中的应用。     

The sheet resistance of graphene under contact and its effect on the derived specific contact resistivity

It is normally assumed that the sheet resistances under and outside the metal contact are identical when deriving specific contact resistivity of graphene from transmission line model. We considered the contact end resistance and obtained the sheet resistance under contact of 670 Ω/□, which is much different from that outside the contact of 1840 Ω/□. Considering the difference, the value of specific contact resistivity is determined to be 3.3 × 10⁻⁶ Ω cm², which is three times as large as the unmodified value. This indicates that the difference between the sheet resistances under and outside the contact affects the derived specific contact resistivity of graphene significantly.     

光滑薄壁管件的多轴循环弹塑性有限元分析

为数值模拟构件在多轴循环加载下的应力应变响应,利用ANSYS分析软件对承受高温2轴比例与非比例循环拉扭加载下的光滑薄壁管件进行了弹塑性有限元分析.分析模拟过程中,采用von Mises屈服准则、多线性随动强化准则和高温单轴循环加载的应力应变数据来描述材料高温弹塑性特性.采用柱坐标系下在试样一端加轴向位移和周向位移来实现拉扭应变加载.通过对光滑薄壁管件的后处理结果与试验比较表明,采用的循环弹塑性有限元分析得到的结果与试验结果相吻合.     

Optimal design of a three tape-spring hinge deployable space structure using an experimentally validated physics-based model

An optimal design approach is developed for a self-driven, self-locking tape-spring under a pure bending load in deployable space structures. A novel hinge with three tape springs is investigated and designed via an optimization process. Firstly, we investigate the steady-state moment and maximum stress of the hinge during deploying and folding processes using physics-based simulations. Experimental analyses are then conducted to verify the physics-based simulation results. Secondly, a parametric analysis is carried out to prove that both the tape spring thickness and subtended angle have significant effect on steady-state moment. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed to define an optimal surrogate model aimed at maximizing the steady-state moment, subjected to allowable stress. Finally, the Large Scale Generalized Reduced Gradient (LSGRG) optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimal design problem. Optimization results show that steady-state moment is increased by 19.5% while satisfying a maximum stress constraint. The proposed method is promising for designing novel deployable structures with high stability and reliability.     

人工椎间盘的超弹性变形分析

为了分析人工生物材料的基本性能,并了解人工生物材料在人体环境中的实际工作状态,建立了人工椎间盘的平面应变超弹性力学模型,包括上下骨板、外环和中间核3部分;研究了在拉、压、剪切作用下人工椎间盘的超弹性变形和应力-应变关系.研究结果表明,超弹性力学模型能很好地模拟人工椎间盘的非线性载荷-位移曲线和应力-位移曲线.     

阿贝原则再认识

为探究阿贝原则在现代超精密制造和测量中的适应性,回顾了古典阿贝原则及其扩展,剖析了要素布局产生的一次误差,研究了二维长度测量中的阿贝原则。通过分析测量系统的标准量、被测量、瞄准点、读数点、导向面5个要素的不同布局产生的误差,发现当标准量和被测量按经典阿贝原则要求处于同一条直线上,而其余要素不在这条直线上时,也会产生一次误差。提出了瞄准共线、读数共线、导向共线以及阿贝臂误差、瞄准臂误差、读数臂误差、导向臂误差和阿贝综合误差等概念。揭示了阿贝原则的隐含条件,重新表述了阿贝原则。讨论了上下堆叠式和共平面式二维结构的阿贝原则适应性,提出了一种提升工具显微镜精度的简明方案,介绍了一种减小阿贝误差的共平面二维精密工作台。对阿贝原则的再认识,可更新设计理念,用于研制超精密仪器和机械,也可用于经典量仪的精度再提升。     

Suppression of viewing angle dependence of organic light emitting diodes by introduction of circular polarizer with nanoporous polymer film

To improve poor viewing angle characteristics of top emission organic light emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) without any serious pixel blur phenomena, we applied a circular polarizer (CP) film modified by nanoporous polymer film (NPF). From this approach, we could improve the color shift significantly (Δu'v’ in CIE 1976 with viewing angle, from 0.0165 to 0.0114), and expand angular light emission distribution of off-axis by applying CP with NPF. We found that black color shift was little associated with NPF position change although black color was slightly faded tint by applying NPF, as like plasma display panel(PDP)’s off condition. Very interestingly, we found that the reflectance was not changed seriously whether NPF exists between glass encapsulation and CP or not. Besides, we investigated the pixel blur level when we applied different condition in encapsulation thickness and morphology of diffusing films. As a result, we found that the pixel blur phenomena can be significantly suppressed by applying thin encapsulation and NPF type diffuser film.     

Synthesis,characterization and photo-catalytic studies of mixed metal oxides of nano ZnO and SnOx

Novel mixed metal oxides of Zinc and Tin (MZOTO) were synthesized by a simple co-precipitation method. The effect of blending varying compositions of SnO_x (x=1, 2) to ZnO has been evaluated, and it was found that the crystal structure, morphology, optical properties and photo-catalytic behavior were dependent on the percentage of SnO_x. The obtained samples were characterized using XRD, EDAX, FESEM, UV–vis spectroscopy, Photoluminescence, etc. XRD data revealed that the ZnO and SnO_x co-exist as mixture and their structures were found as hexagonal and cubic/orthorhombic respectively. FESEM image intricate about the morphology of the MZOTO prepared in 1:0.5 ratio providing nano flower structures that resemble like Chrysanthemum species. The band gaps of all the obtained MZOTOs were determined from UV–vis reflectance spectra using Kubelka-Munk relation. Photoluminescence emission studies revealed that the recombination of excited e⁻ with the h⁺ of ZnO is greatly influenced by SnO_x nanoparticles. Visible light photo-catalytic activities of MZOTOs were followed spectrophotometrically against the degradation of crystal violet solution. MZOTO2 obtained in the ratio of 1:0.5 shows better catalytic efficiency compared to other samples, degrading crystal violet completely within 40 min. The reusability and free radical trapping experiments were performed to study the performance and mechanism of MZOTO2 as the photo-catalyst. The photo catalytic efficiency of 1:0.5 MZOTO was higher due to the presence of flower-like structures that effectively captivated more photons from the sunlight.     

Novel approach for energy band diagram and barrier heights in metal/organic structures

We propose a new method for obtaining the Fermi-level aligned energy band diagram and the electron and hole barrier heights in metal/organic structure. It is obtained from the known metal work function, vacuum level shift at metal/organic interface, and orbital states of organic material. This theory has two assumptions: (i) metal work function can be deviated from the original one at metal/organic interface and (ii) the energetic disorders of transport sites in interfacial layer are broadened and the broadening is related to the change of the metal work function. Our theoretical results are verified by using a conventional drift–diffusion model. This new approach to electrical characteristic simulation is applied to Mg:Ag/Alq₃/Mg:Ag, Mg:Ag/Alq₃/Al, and Mg:Ag/Alq₃/LiF/Al structures and then the current–voltage curves are consistent with experimental ones. From these results, we conclude that the above two assumptions are reasonable. Also we find that built-in potential and intrinsic carrier density are very important besides barrier heights in order to obtain more accurate current–voltage characteristics.