Approach for fatigue damage assessment of welded structure considering coupling effect between stress and corrosion

This paper presents a new approach to assess time-dependent corrosion fatigue damage of welded joint considering the coupling effect between mechanical factor and corrosion factor. The high stress region around weld will accelerate corrosion and be more likely to induce nonuniform corrosion of welded joint. And the effect of loading on corrosion behavior of the steel in NaCl solution was investigated. The synergistic effect between applied elastic stress and chemical attack on Q235 steel was evaluated by electrochemical experiments. A side longitudinal of ship structure is selected as a case study. Time-dependent stress concentration factor of welded joint as a function of corrosion deterioration was analyzed, and the iterative process of stress and corrosion degeneration of plate thickness was used to simulate coupling effect basing on the results of experiment. The hot spot stress approach was adopted to calculate the fatigue damage. It is revealed that the nonuniform corrosion could influence fatigue damage of welded joint, and that impact will be more and more significant with the growth of corrosion year.     

Stochastic rotational response of a parametric pendulum coupled with an SDOF system

In this paper, parametric excitation of a lumped mass pendulum is investigated when having its pivot point vertically excited. Such a system is described by a sinus type nonlinear Mathieu equation and attention is drawn to the rotational motion of the mass. A single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system is used as a base for the pendulum, floating on ocean waves and being externally excited by them thus falling into the subclass of autoparametric systems. Due to the random nature of waves, a narrow-band stochastic process is used to model the environmental excitation. The effect of dry friction is considered and the interaction between the pendulum's rotational response and the base is studied.     

流变铸造AZ91-Sn合金的组织演化、拉伸行为及磨损性能

研究了不同Sn含量流变铸造AZ91合金的组织演化、拉伸行为及磨损性能。结果表明：Sn的合金化改变了Al在镁基体中的固溶度,并且显著细化了微观组织。加入0.8%（质量分数,下同）的Sn后,合金平均晶粒尺寸从105.0 μm降至42.1 μm。高熔点的金属间化合物为析出相提供了异质形核点,这些弥散析出的第二相在流变凝固过程中有效地细化了镁基体。弥散分布的第二相抑制了枝晶组织生长,从而进一步提升了合金的力学性能。随着Sn含量的增加,合金磨损率显著降低,磨粒磨损逐渐消失。3.0%Sn合金化的流变铸造AZ91合金具有最高的抗拉伸强度以及最好的耐磨损性能。     

Alkaline aluminum phosphate glasses for thermal ion-exchanged optical waveguide

Alkaline aluminum phosphate glasses (NMAP) with excellent chemical durability for thermal ion-exchanged optical waveguide have been designed and investigated. The transition temperature Tg (470 °C) is higher than the ion-exchange temperature (390 °C), which is favorable to sustain the stability of the glass structure for planar waveguide fabrication. The effective diffusion coefficient D_e of K⁺–Na⁺ ion exchange in NMAP glasses is 0.110 μm²/min, indicating that ion exchange can be achieved efficiently in the optical glasses. Single-mode channel waveguide has been fabricated on Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ doped NMAP glass substrate by standard micro-fabrication and K⁺–Na⁺ ion exchange. The mode field diameter is 9.6 μm in the horizontal direction and 6.0 μm in the vertical direction, respectively, indicating an excellent overlap with a standard single-mode fiber. Judd–Ofelt intensity parameter Ω₂ is 5.47 × 10⁻²⁰ cm², implying a strong asymmetrical and covalent environment around Er³⁺ in the optical glasses. The full width at half maximum and maximum stimulated emission cross section of the ⁴I_13/2 → ⁴I_15/2 are 30 nm and 6.80 × 10⁻²¹ cm², respectively, demonstrating that the phosphate glasses are potential glass candidates in developing compact optoelectronic devices. Pr³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ doped NMAP glasses are promising candidates to fabricate waveguide amplifiers and lasers operating at special telecommunication windows.     

单自由度体系地震残余变形分析及计算

地震残余变形是结构可修复能力的重要指标,准确分析结构的残余变形对于震后结构性能的评估与控制具有重要意义。基于对不同单自由度(SDOF)体系的弹塑性地震响应的统计分析,研究了不同参数对地震残余变形的影响,其中滞回特性、屈服后刚度、地面峰值加速度(PGA)以及最大弹塑性变形对残余变形的影响较大;同时结合理论分析提出了分别适用于弹塑性Kinematic滞回模型和Takeda滞回模型的残余变形简化计算方法。该方法是以先获得结构的最大弹塑性变形为基础的,能与传统的确定结构最大变形性能的抗震分析方法(Pushover方法)较好地结合。最后,以一钢筋混凝土单柱桥墩为例,详细阐述了所提出的方法进行单自由度体系结构的地震残余变形计算及震后结构性能评估的过程,分析表明基于Takeda模型的结构残余变形的计算结果偏于安全。     

动车组牵引供电系统故障模式影响与危害分析

对某动车组(electric multiple unit,简称EMU)牵引供电系统故障模式影响与危害度进行研究,提高牵引供电系统的可靠性,进而提高高速列车运行可靠性。采用故障模式、影响及危害度分析(failure mode effect criticality analysis,简称FMECA)的方法,提出了牵引供电系统的可靠性框图,根据FMECA方法对牵引供电系统的16种主要故障展开研究,从故障发生概率及其影响的严重程度两个维度得到牵引供电系统危害性矩阵。通过危害性矩阵分析得出绝缘栅双极型晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor,简称IGBT)模块监控起作用故障、变压器油泵34-F55跳开故障、制冷风扇故障和变压器油流故障等4种危害度较高的故障,并提出相应的改进措施。列车现场运行反馈结果表明,该措施保证了牵引供电系统的运用可靠性,研究成果为动车组其他子系统的故障分析、维修决策和寿命管理提供了技术支持。     

Reliable high strength alumina fabricated by DCC-HVCI using submicron calcium citrate complex

Ceramics with high strength and reliability are highly demanded in engineering applications. In this paper, a modified direct coagulation casting via high valence counter ions (DCC-HVCI) method for alumina using calcium citrate complex assisted by glycerol diacetate was investigated. Calcium citrate complex suspensions were prepared by mixing tri-ammonium citrate and calcium chloride in water. Effect of reaction time on the chelating properties of the prepared suspensions was investigated. Concentrated alumina suspensions with a solid loading of 50 vol% were prepared by mixing the calcium citrate complex suspensions and alumina powder at pH of 10.5. Then the suspensions were coagulated by adding 3–6 vol% glycerol diacetate at temperatures of 40–70 °C for 2–6 h. The compressive strength of the coagulated wet samples is in the range 1.1–2.4 MPa. Alumina ceramics sintered at 1550 °C shows homogeneous microstructures with flexural strength and Weibull modulus of 455±17 MPa and 30, respectively.     

Effect of boric acid on the porosity of clay and diatomite monoliths

Porous silica ceramics were obtained at low forming pressure (40–80 MPa) and low sintering temperature (850–1300 °C) for 4 h in air. Boric acid was used as a low-cost additive, in the amount of 2 wt%. Relatively high porosities of nearly 40% and 65% are obtained for the samples of clay and diatomite pressed at 40 MPa, and sintered at 1000 °C, respectively. The samples sintered at 1150 °C and 1300 °C have the average pore size diameters in the range of macroporous for clay 0.2–10 μm and for diatomite 0.2–5 μm. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury porosimetry measurements were employed to characterize of the obtained samples. Measurements of densities and open porosities by immersion technique were used, according to the Archimedes principle. The relations between mechanical characteristics of the samples formed by using different pressures and sintered at different temperature, were discussed.     

GCr15SiMn贝氏体轴承钢超声滚压表层组织与性能

目的 研究超声滚压加工对贝氏体轴承钢的影响,并分析超声滚压工艺参数对贝氏体轴承钢试样表层组织及性能的影响规律,为提升贝氏体轴承表面性能提供理论及试验依据。方法 通过超声滚压加工前后试样对比分析,确定超声滚压处理技术对贝氏体轴承钢组织性能的提升;通过单因素试验法,研究超声滚压工艺试样组织、性能的影响规律;通过表面与截面组织相结合的方法,分析贝氏体轴承钢组织的类别特征。结果 根据试样表面状态可将原始试样分为3类:细晶层存在表面微裂纹的截面组织、细晶层无裂纹的截面组织及无细晶层截面组织。超声滚压后,3类截面组织均产生塑性变形层,无细晶层截面组织形成的塑性变形层最厚。超声滚压处理后,存在于原始试样表面的机加工纹理变细,犁沟变浅;试样表面粗糙度降幅可达75%,试样表面硬度增幅为4%,且试样表面产生了约90 μm硬化层。结论 相同静压力下,随电流增加,试样表面粗糙度显著降低,塑性变形层显著增加,硬度、硬化层深度增加但增幅较小;相同电流下,随静压力增加,试样表面硬度、塑性变形层深度、硬化层深度及表面硬度增加,粗糙度变化不大。