The formation of trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin) and chloroform in a combined ozonation/chlorination treatment of drinking water

Chlorination of waters from mesotrophic Lake Zurich and eutrophic Greifensee formed about 0.4 and 2 μg 1⁻¹ of trichloronitromethane (TCNM) respectively. Pre-ozonation increased these values to about 2 and 6 μg 1⁻¹. The formation of chloroform was about 40 times higher than that of TCNM, but decreased somewhat, when pretreatment with ozone was performed. Posttreatment with activated carbon eliminates most TCNM but only part of the chloroform. The addition of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) complexing agents applied in detergents and other products, had only a small incremental effect on the formation of chloropicrin, which became significant only when the combined oxidation process was performed in distilled water. In contrast, the addition of triethanolamine to water greatly increased the TCNM formation when ozonation preceded chlorination of water. The possible role of NTA as a presursor for TCNM is further discussed by considering the kinetics of the reaction of ozone with NTA and its ozonolytic products, the iminodiacetic acid and glycine.     

Microcomputer applications in energy management

The microcomputer revolution has made available high capability, low-cost computers, software and printers which can help businesses, government, and institutions reduce their energy use and costs. Microcomputers can help managers and design professionals manage their energy costs in a number of different ways: verification and analysis of utility bills; automatic calculation of BTUs from kWh, therms, pounds of steam, gallons of oil, etc.; automatic calculation of Energy Utilization Index (EUI) in BTU/sq.ft/yr; graphical analysis of utility bills; life cycle costing (LCC) of energy conservation opportunities; building energy analyses using public domain and/or commercially marketed programs; and computer-aided project management. The advantages of using micros in energy management include greater productivity, the ability to perform more comprehensive analyses, and the ability to more effectively manage projects. Specific examples of each of these applications will be presented in this paper.     

Oxidation behavior and protection of carbon/carbon composites

The oxidation behavior of C/C composite sheet materials in air has been studied over a wide range of temperature. Gasification was detectable at around 500°C and above about 900°C, under the flow conditions used in the experiments, the overall rates of gasification were controlled by gas phase diffusion. The presence of catalysts reduced the temperature for the onset of gasification but had no effect on the kinetics in the diffusion-controlled region. Borate-based coatings containing refractory particulates and silicon carbide coatings sealed with borates have been found capable of protecting C/C composites against air oxidation for extended periods to temperatures of at least 1200°C.     

大鲵糖肽润肤霜的制备及性能评价

通过添加大鲵糖肽制备了润肤霜,探讨了大鲵糖肽的吸湿性与抗氧化性,大鲵糖肽润肤霜的抗紫外线性与豚鼠皮肤涂抹的变态反应。结果表明：在低湿度条件下,大鲵糖肽的吸湿率达3.8%,在高湿度条件下,大鲵糖肽的吸湿率达15.6%;羟基自由基清除率为50.85%;添加了大鲵糖肽在260～315 nm下具有较强紫外线吸收能力;涂抹大鲵糖肽润肤霜和大鲵糖肽的豚鼠皮肤没有出现任何的红斑和水肿,与对照组的豚鼠的皮肤一致。     

小球藻培养条件及其抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的研究

通过对小球藻培养条件中初始pH值、接种量、培养温度、光照等因素进行研究,探讨小球藻的最佳培养条件,并对培养的小球藻提取物进行α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制实验。结果表明,初始pH值为7,接种量为100:10,培养温度为25℃/20℃(昼/夜),光照强度为10000Lx为小球藻的最佳培养条件;其水提物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的IC50值为3.14mg/mL,具有一定的抑制活性。     

关于提高《水污染控制工程》课堂教学效果的探讨

水污染控制工程是环境工程专业的一门核心主干课程,课堂教学效果直接关系到环境工程专业人才的培养质量。对于任课教师来说,改进教学思路和方法,提高该课程的课堂教学效果,是一项非常重要的工作。本文就如何提高《水污染控制工程》的课堂教学效果进行了探讨,总结了一些有助于提高水污染控制工程课堂教学效果的思路和具体做法。     

生物油制备、性质与应用的研究进展

介绍了国内外生物油的发展现状。根据生物油制备原料不同,将其分为植物油、热裂解油和生物柴油等。概括了生物油制备的方法和原理,分析3种生物油的物理化学性质。综述了生物油的主要应用方式,包括食品加工、化工应用和燃烧应用等。最后总结了生物油领域存在的主要问题,并对生物油应用方面的发展方向进行了展望。     

食品质量与安全专业实践教学体系探索与实践

大连海洋大学设立食品质量与安全专业7年来,结合教学实际,在由实验课、课程实习、毕业论文、校外实践和课外科技活动等5部分组成的实践教学体系基础上,建立了研究性实验教学体系、校外实习基地以及科研技能培养等3个模块进行强化教学,对食品质量与安全专业实践教学体系进行了探索与实践。     

基于旋转变换的混沌光学图像加密方法

提出了一种利用旋转变换和混沌理论进行图像加密的新方法.使用旋转变换和两个混沌随机相位掩膜对图像进行加密,利用Logistic映射、帐篷映射和Kaplan-Yorke映射三种混沌函数产生混沌随机相位掩膜.通过计算均方差,基于旋转角和混沌随机相位的种子值的盲解密算法的鲁棒性进行了评估,并给出了加密和解密技术的光学实现方案....     

常规立方晶格点阵轮的设计与静力学分析

为实现压气机叶轮在刚度和强度具有可调性的同时降低叶轮质量,基于常规立方晶格结构设计出一种新型轻量化压气机叶轮。通过3种模型悬臂梁比较计算,证明渐进均匀化(asymptotic homogenization,AH)方法在大规模点阵计算问题上具有较好的计算精度。在此基础上,采用AH方法对不同单胞填充率的点阵轮在仅考虑80 000 r/min的惯性荷载时的静力学性能进行了数值计算。研究结果表明,对于所研究路径,点阵轮的变形和应力介于无填充轮和实心轮之间,大叶片外缘的周向变形最大与最小变形差值(极差)在所有研究工况下均小于无填充轮和实心轮。对于填充率为0.4的情况,其周向变形极差值比实心轮约低23.25%,比无填充轮约低55.46%,其质量相对于实心轮可降低17.08%。这意味着点阵轮相对于传统压气机叶轮除了能较大降低叶轮质量,还将具有更好的周向抗畸变能力和更高的工作效率。同时,点阵轮相对于无填充轮和实心轮叶片边缘具有更小的轴向应力,因此可为设计更高转速的压气机叶轮提供强度保证,同时也为叶轮结构的轻量化设计提供了一种新的设计思路。