Automatic measurement and warning of tension force reduction in a PT tendon using eddy current sensing

Post-tensioning (PT) using a bundle of pre-stressed strands is a critical process for assembling pre-fabricated and modularized bridge members. However, the tension force gradually diminishes over time due to such factors as corrosion, creep, and steel relaxation. Such changes compromise the overall safety of such structures. In this study, an eddy-current-based tension-force-loss warning (EC-TFLW) technique is proposed to detect and warn automatically of excessive loss of tension force in a PT tendon. A ring-type eddy-current sensor (ECS) is mounted on the outer surface of a wedge holding a tendon, and the level of eddy current measured by the ECS is related to the tension force of the tendon. The advantages of the proposed technique include: (1) low power consumption, (2) low cost, (3) simple installation, and (4) automated warning. The performance of the proposed EC-TFLW technique was validated experimentally in a full-scale lab test of a 3.3-m long, 15.2-mm diameter, mono-strand tendon that was tensioned using a universal testing machine (from 20 to 180 kN). Statistical hypothesis testing using the chi-square distribution was applied to the measured eddy current signals, and if the decline in tension exceeded a certain level, a warning was sent out automatically.     

注塑成型过程温度启动过渡状态的性能监测与故障诊断

注塑成型过程启动阶段具有复杂动态特性,更容易遭受未知扰动、误操作甚至故障的危害。针对注塑启动阶段的机筒温度变量,建立了二维动态多元统计模型,实现了注塑启动性能的实时监测和故障诊断;并以常见的加热线圈以及传感器故障为例,详细讨论了方法的应用效果以及在安全生产方面的应用前景。     

Performance investigation of a power augmented vertical axis wind turbine for urban high-rise application

A shrouded wind turbine system has a number of potential advantages over the conventional wind turbine. A novel power-augmentation-guide-vane (PAGV) that surrounds a Sistan wind turbine was designed to improve the wind rotor performance by increasing the on-coming wind speed and guiding it to an optimum flow angle before it interacts with the rotor blades. The integration of the PAGV into the 3-in-1 wind, solar and rain water harvester on high-rise buildings has been illustrated. A particular concern related to public safety is minimized when the wind turbine is contained inside the PAGV and noise pollution can be reduced due to the enclosure. Besides, the design of the PAGV that blends into the building architecture can be aesthetic as well. Moreover, a mesh can be mounted around the PAGV to prevent the bird-strike problem. From the wind tunnel testing measurements where the wind turbine is under free-running condition (only rotor inertia and bearing friction were applied), the wind rotor rotational speed (with the PAGV) was increased by 75.16%. Meanwhile, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation shows that the rotor torque was increased by 2.88 times with the introduction of the PAGV. Through a semi-empirical method, the power output increment of the rotor with the PAGV was 5.8 times at the wind speed of 3 m/s. Also, the flow vector visualization (CFD) shows that a larger area of upstream flow was induced through the rotor with the PAGV.     

Influence of channel aspect ratio on heat transfer in rotating rectangular ducts with skewed ribs at high rotation numbers

Centerline heat transfer measurements along two opposite ribbed walls in three rotating rectangular ducts roughened by 45° staggered ribs with channel aspect ratios (AR) of 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1 are performed at Reynolds (Re), rotation (Ro) and buoyancy (Bu) numbers in the ranges of 5000–30,000, 0–2, and 0.005–8.879, respectively. These channel geometries are in common use as the internal cooling passages of a gas turbine rotor blade and the tested Ro and Bu ranges are considerably extended from the previous experiences. This study focuses on the heat transfer characteristics in response to the change of AR under the parameter ranges examined. With zero-rotation (Ro = 0), the local Nusselt numbers (Nu₀) along the centerlines of two opposite ribbed walls increase as AR increases due to the increased rib-height to channel-height ratio. The Bu impact on heat transfer appears to be AR dependent, i.e. the increase of Bu elevates Nusselt number ratios Nu/Nu₀ in the square channel but impairs heat transfer in the rectangular channels of AR = 2 and 4. Acting by the Coriolis effect alone, all the leading edge Nu values in the present Ro range are lower than the zero-rotation references but started to recover as Ro increases from 0.1 in the channels of AR = 1, 2 and from 0.3 in the channel of AR = 4. The trailing edge Nu/Nu₀ ratios increase consistently from unity as Ro increases but their responses toward the increase of AR are less systematic than those found along the leading edge. The above findings, with the aids of extended Ro and Bu ranges achieved by this study, serve as the original contributions for this technical community. The Nu/Nu₀ ratios in the rotating channels of AR = 1, 2, and 4 fall in the ranges of 0.6–2.2, 0.5–2.7, and 0.5–2.1, respectively. A set of heat transfer correlations is derived to represent all the heat transfer data in the periodically developed flow regions of three rotating ducts.     

Ad hoc网络TDMA分布式动态时隙算法

随着GPS 技术的发展和应用, Ad hoc 网络的终端同步已经不成问题, 因此基于时隙的MAC 方案, 如TDMA 对Ad hoc 网络越来越有吸引力。提出一种新的分布式时隙动态分配算法, 其数据碰撞率低, 公平性好, 适于动态网络, 对于网络失步以及超负荷的数据发送都有较好的适应性。着重介绍了此时隙算法, 然后分析了该算法的性能, 并把它与时隙Aloha 的信道利用率进行了比较, 仿真表明此算法远远优于时隙Aloha 。     

基于GSM短消息的测试数据远程传输技术研究

远程数据采集系统广泛用于远程技术支援,但一些传统的远程数据采集系统具有一定的缺点和不足,如造价较高,维修不便。在数据量不是很大,实时性要求不是很高的场合,利用GSM短信进行设备测试数据的远程传输是一种较好的选择。设备测试数据的远程传输系统利用文本文件读取信息和测试数据,将信息和数据编码成数据包,并将串口通信技术、多线程技术应用于GSM短消息数据包的远程传输过程中,接收到信息之后进行数据包的解码和数据的分析。文中给出了利用Visual C＋＋6．0串口通信技术开发基于GSM短消息的设备测试数据远程传输系统的关键部分和软件开发流程图。目前该系统已成功应用于设备监测现场,取得了良好的效果。     

测试性试验中样本集的功能覆盖充分性研究

建立了故障模式与功能关系模型和故障模式等价集合定义,在此基础上提出了样本集的功能覆盖充分性度量和准则.通过功能覆盖充分性度量可以评价样本集的充分程度,为样本集的优选提供了依据.通过功能覆盖充分性准则可以确定样本集的结构要求,用于指导样本的选取.给出了关系模型的数据确定方法和功能覆盖充分性度量和准则的应用流程,并通过实例应用说明了方法的可行性.     

单跨转子轴承系统非线性振动分析

基于Muszynska柔性转子动力学模型，采用主从系统耦合振动的观点，将转盘的振动看成是主振动，导出了转子非线性振动的近似模型，对转子系统的涡动与振荡等力学现象和动力稳定性进行了研究。分析了各个力学参数对转子系统动力学行为的影响。得到了转子系统运动的Hopf分叉图和模拟系统升速过程的幅频特性曲线。     

Online gait programming of humanoid walking via NMPC

In order to satisfy the requirement of realtime gait programming of humanoid walking with foot rotation,a kind of modified Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) scheme was proposed. Based on setting suitable kinetic and kinematic virtual constraints of Single Support Phase (SSP) and three subphases of Double Support Phase (DSP) ,complex realtime gait programming problem was simplified to four online NMPC dynamic optimization problems. A numerical approach was proposed to transform the dynamical optimization problem to the finite dimensional static optimization problem which can be solved by Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) . It can be concluded from simulation that using this method on BIP model can realize online gait programming of dynamic walking with foot rotation and the biped stability can be satisfied such that there is no sliding during walking.     

Angles-only relative navigation in highly elliptical orbits

For angles-only relative navigation system only measures line-of-sight information,there are inherent problems in the ability to determine the range between Chaser and Target. Angles-only relative navigation is an attractive alternative for inspecting or rendezvous with noncooperative target,if adequate accuracy can be achieved. Angles-only relative navigation model considering J2 perturbation is presented for tracking and rendezvous with noncooperative target in highly elliptical orbit. Impulsive out-of-plane maneuvers of the Chaser are used to improve the navigation accuracy. The first impulse burns in cross-track directions to change the orbit inclination of the Chaser. The second impulse burns after one orbit period to change the orbit of the Chaser back. The simulation results show that the relative navigation system without maneuvers can’t correct the initial state errors,while impulsive out-ofplane maneuvers of the Chaser improves the navigation accuracy. Angles-only relative navigation with chaser vehicle maneuvers to improve observability is effective when the spacecrafts are in highly elliptical orbits.