炉灰渣对地下水中硝基苯的吸附试验研究

以预处理的炉灰和不同粒径的炉渣为吸附剂，通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线试验，考察了其对地下水中微量硝基苯的吸附性能。结果表明：在常温（15℃）下，炉灰和粒径为1．25mm的炉渣对硝基苯的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附方程，且吸附平衡时间均为30min；对于粒径分别为2．5、5．0、10．0mm的3种炉渣，通过在Freundlich方程中引入吸附剂投加量的修正条件，也可以较好地对其进行线性拟合。对已达到吸附平衡的炉灰和炉渣的后处理试验表明，将其在马福炉内于300℃下煅烧1h．可以实现对吸附剂的安全处置。     

含氨恶臭的生物作用效能及机理分析

为研究从不同恶臭环境中分离得到去除含氨恶臭的亚硝化优势菌及硝化优势菌群,将试验得到的亚硝化菌富集液和硝化菌群富集液进行固定化,采用固定化生物反应器除氨,探讨了除氨效能,并与灭菌滤柱进行对比试验.实验结果表明:亚硝化菌的生长速度和氧化能力与其分离前所通的臭气种类有关.填料上积累的产物主要为氨氮和NO3-,pH呈中性.生物反应器对氨的去除主要是生物作用,而不是物理化学作用的结果.     

Effect of the dilution in polypropylene on photophysical properties of poly(3-alkylthiophenes)

Optical properties on the basis of absorption and photoluminescence (PL) have been examined for regioregular (RR-) poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT) and regiorandom (RRa-) P3OT diluted in polypropylene (PP). RR-P3OT gives blue-shifted spectra in both absorption and PL against the ones in the spin coated (SC) film, contrary to the case when diluted in poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Spectroscopic features indicate that isolated species are primarily generated for RR-P3OT by the dilution using PP. The comparison in PL spectra between in the SC film and in diluted sample demonstrates that the species responsible for PL in the SC film are interchain excitons in RR-P3OT and intrachain excitons in RRa-P3OT. We further identified the enhancement in the PL quantum efficiency of RRa-P3OT as well as RR-P3OT by the dilution using PP, indicating that PL of conjugated polymers can be enhanced in the solid state by dilution using moderate inert polymers. We infer that RR-P3OT takes a highly rod-like structure in PP and that RRa-P3OT primarily takes a much less linear conformation in PP.     

钛酸铅铁电体纳米颗粒压电系数的尺寸依赖

建立了铁电体钛酸铅(PbTiO3)纳米颗粒压电系数的尺寸依赖的理论模型压电系数d33(D),其中D为纳米颗粒的直径。模型发现,获得纳米铁电体材料压电系数的关键是引入其尺寸效应。研究发现,d33(D)随着尺寸D的减小而增加,且理论模型的预测结果与PbTiO3纳米颗粒的压电系数的实验结果相吻合。另外,假设电介质极化率系数η33(D)与d33(D)成正比,则较成功的预测了电介质极化率系数的尺寸效应,同时我们的模型所预测的η33(D)函数与其他理论模型较一致。