Hydraulic conductivity change of bio-barrier formed in the subsurface by the adverse conditions including freeze–thaw cycles

Bio-barrier is an emerging technology to control subsurface contaminant plum by making microorganisms clog soil pore to form a subsurface barrier. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microorganisms play an important role to maintain decreased hydraulic conductivity. In this research, the hydraulic conductivity changes of biomass–soil mixtures by the adverse conditions were studied to evaluate the applicability to the field condition as an alternative barrier material. The microorganisms used in this research were bacterium, Azotobacter chroococcum, and fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity decreased to 1–10% of the initial hydraulic conductivity of residual soil, 1×10⁻⁴ cm/s, and stayed constant while substrate was provided. Under adverse conditions such as no substrate available, chemical solution permeation and freeze–thaw cycles, the hydraulic conductivity increased by 30–50% compared to the lowest value. The decrease of hydraulic conductivity in a fungus–soil mixture was faster than that of a bacterium–soil mixture. The fungus–soil mixture, however, was more sensitive to the adverse conditions. After the adverse conditions, hydraulic conductivity shows even lower value compare to that of before the adverse conditions.     

建筑物抗震性无线检测系统的设计

介绍了一种基于无线传感器网络技术的建筑物抗震性检测系统.首先,提出了以无线通信震动传感器形成一种可扩展的无线传感器网络的系统结构.然后,介绍在该系统中采用的无线震动传感器节点以及检测基站设备的设计.在本系统中,节点和基站设备所使用的近距离通信标准为802.15.4/ZigBee标准.     

负刚度非线性能量阱减震控制性能研究

提出设置含负刚度特性的非线性能量阱（NES）来实现结构地震响应控制,针对典型的单层和双层层模型,在附加质量占主质量5%的限定条件下,对采用负刚度NES、立方NES和经典质量调谐阻尼器（TMD）控制方式的装置参数进行数值寻优,对优化的减震控制性能进行对比分析。结果表明,负刚度NES减震控制性能全面优于已有的立方NES,对主结构动力特性变化的鲁棒性优于TMD,对地震动峰值变化的鲁棒性与TMD相当。应用数值小波变换对体系的地震响应时程进行功率谱分析,揭示了在地震作用过程中,负刚度NES总体上对主结构产生更为显著、更为持续的瞬时内共振俘获行为,因而其减震效率较高,且由于这种瞬时内共振俘获是在多频域上同时展开的,使其减震控制性能具有强鲁棒性。     

Reaction of Cp2ZrR2 with M(CO)6 (M=Mo,W): Cp transfer from dialkylzirconocenes to molybdenum or tungsten carbonyl complexes

Dialkylzirconocenes react with molybdenum or tungsten hexacarbonyl and iodine or NBS to form cyclopentadiene molybdenum or tungsten tricarbonyl iodine or bromide.     

Effect of rubber aggregates on the physico-mechanical behaviour of cement–rubber composites-influence of the alveolar texture of rubber aggregates

The study presented herein has been undertaken in order to examine the physico-mechanical properties of cement–rubber composites by use of two types of rubber aggregates, in the aim of developing a highly deformable material. The results obtained highlight the importance of the alveolar feature and the elasticity of the rubber aggregates in helping improve the flexural strength and deformability of the material. An optical analysis reveals the best level of bonding between the expanded rubber aggregates and the cement matrix.     

Seismic performance of repaired hollow-bridge piers

To develop an effective repair technique for rapid bridge restoration after an earthquake, four hollow bridge columns were cyclically loaded to failure, repaired and retested. The repair process includes using dog-bone shape bars to replace the fractured longitudinal bars in plastic hinges and using FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) wraps to enhance the deformation capacity of columns. The repair aims to restore seismic capacity in terms of strength and ductility. Test results indicate that the fractured longitudinal bars can be completely repaired and the deformation capacities of the columns were enhanced by FRP wraps. However, due to concrete deterioration and the buckling of the longitudinal bars in the inner layer of the hollow sections, the test results also indicate the repaired column strengths are less than anticipated.     

Dynamic response of tunnels in stochastic soils by the boundary element method

A stochastic boundary element method (SBEM) is developed in this work for evaluating the dynamic response of underground openings excited by seismically induced, horizontally polarized shear waves under steady-state conditions. The surrounding geological medium is viewed as an elastic continuum exhibiting large randomness in its mechanical properties, which implies that the wave number of the propagating signal is a function of a random variable. Suitable Green's functions are proposed and used within the context of the SBEM formulation. More specifically, a series expansion for the Green's functions is employed, where the basis functions are orthogonal polynomials of a random argument (polynomial chaos). These are subsequently incorporated in the SBEM formulation, which employs the usual quadratic, isoparametric line elements for modeling the surfaces of the problem in question. Finally, this formulation is used for the solution of a few problems of engineering interest involving buried cavities (tunnels). We note that the present approach departs from earlier boundary element derivations based on perturbations, which are valid for ‘small’ amounts of randomness in the elastic continuum.     

Ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets and graphene composite material as high-performance PtRu catalyst support for methanol electro-oxidation

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has been demonstrated as an advanced support material for Pt nanoparticles (NPs) due to its excellent stability and abundant Lewis acid for anchoring metal NPs. However, its non-conductive nature and low surface areas still impede its application in electrochemical fields. Herein, a π–π stacking method is presented to prepare graphene/ultrathin g-C₃N₄ nanosheets composite support for PtRu catalyst. The weaknesses of g-C₃N₄ are greatly overcome by establishing a 2D layered structure. The significantly enhanced performance for this novel PtRu catalyst is ascribed to reasons as follows: the homogeneous dispersion of PtRu NPs on g-C₃N₄ nanosheets due to its abundant Lewis acid sites for anchoring PtRu NPs; the excellent mechanical resistance and stability of g-C₃N₄ nanosheets in acidic and oxidative environments; the increased electron conductivity of support by forming a layered structure and the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between metal NPs and g-C₃N₄ NS.     

板柱节点冲剪破坏后的精细有限元分析

按实际结构构造建立了板柱节点的精细有限元模型，采用实体单元和梁单元分别模拟混凝土和钢筋，采用生死单元技术模拟冲剪过程中混凝土开裂和冲剪后的钢筋断裂。3类典型冲剪试验的模拟验证表明该方法可以准确模拟冲剪和冲剪后的位移和承载力。基于该模型对约束节点的冲剪受力全过程进行了进一步的分析，结果表明:面内约束的板柱节点试验中，整体性钢筋和受弯钢筋对冲剪后承载力贡献为42%和58%；提高配筋率对节点冲剪前后的刚度均提升显著，而板厚增加仅对节点冲剪前的承载力和刚度有显著提升；欧美澳中四国规范在计算约束节点冲剪强度值时至少仍有36%的承载力储备，现有冲剪后承载力计算方法低估了负弯矩钢筋贡献，其冲剪后强度的计算值也都低于试验值。