A low power high gain gain-controlled LNAC＋mixer for GNSS receivers

A low power high gain gain-controlled LNAC+mixer for GNSS receivers is reported. The high gain LNA is realized with a current source load.Its gain-controlled ability is achieved using a programmable bias circuit. Taking advantage of the high gain LNA, a high noise figure passive mixer is adopted. With the passive mixer, low power consumption and high voltage gain of the LNACmixer are achieved. To fully investigate the performance of this circuit, comparisons between a conventional LNAC+mixer, a previous low power LNAC+mixer, and the proposed LNAC+mixer are presented. The circuit is implemented in 0.18 m mixed-signal CMOS technology. A 3.8 dB noise figure, an overall 45 dB converge gain and a 10 dB controlled gain range of the two stages are measured. The chip occupies 0.24 mm2and consumes 2 mA current under 1.8 V supply.     

基于FPGA的GPS接收机实现

利用可编程片上系统(SOPC)技术,设计了一种基于FPGA的GPS接收机。提出了基于多普勒频域移位的捕获策略,并分析了捕获时间。基于延迟锁定环与Costas环跟踪方法,给出接收机的SOPC实现。实验结果表明,该接收机的信号捕获、跟踪方法正确可行,且在静态条件下水平定位精度优于4.5m(标准差),具有良好的实时性、灵活性和可扩展性。     

基于多层感知器神经网络的路径损耗预测研究

为了更好地服务于5G及未来无线通信系统的网络规划与优化,开展了基于多层感知器(multi-layer perceptron, MLP)神经网络的路径损耗预测研究. 利用有限的地物类型,提出一种表征传播环境的简易方法,避免了繁琐的三维场景建模. 结合测量数据和由环境表征方法提取的环境特征,基于MLP神经网络建立了路径损耗模型. 数据实验的对比分析表明MLP神经网络能够实现路径损耗的准确预测,且环境特征的引入有助于提升模型性能. 为解决干扰地物影响路径损耗模型的准确性以及模型对环境变化的敏感性问题,根据视距(line-of-sight, LoS)和非视距(non-line-of-sight, NLoS)标签改进环境表征方法,进一步提升了模型的稳定性和泛化能力. 所做工作有助于了解无线电波传播特性,为无线网络优化和通信系统设计提供了理论依据.     

基于电路建模的THz量子级联激光器稳态性能分析

通过改进的三能级速率方程运用电路建模方法建 立了太赫兹(THz)量子级联激光器(QCL,quantum cascade)的一种等效电路模型。模型中, 涉及的非辐射散射时间、自激发射弛豫时间 以及电子逃逸时间均根据器件有源层结构参数通过自洽数值求解获得。采用该模型可运用通 用电路仿真工 具实现对THz QCL器件光电特性的模拟仿真,克服了数值分析方法计算复杂,模拟时间长的 缺点。运 用电路仿真工具PSPICE对3.9THz QCL的稳态特性进行了模拟仿真,并 讨论了温度变化对器件阈值电 流、增益系数、粒子数反转的影响,其分析结果与已报道的理论和实验结果一致,验证了本 方法的适用性和准确性。     

High-accuracy and low signal distortion on-chip auto-calibrating architecture for continuous-time filters

A high-accuracy on-chip auto-calibrating architecture is presented to compensate the process and temperature parameter variations in high-linearity continuous-time filter. The on-chip auto-calibrating architecture consists of a clock generating circuit, a voltage comparator, a digital tuning engine, and an analog integrator with similar time-constants as the tuned filter. Discrete capacitor arrays are utilized to tune filter automatically for preserving a high linearity. A fourth-order RC filter for GNSS receivers is fabricated in 0.18 µm CMOS process to verify the performance of proposed tuning architecture. With adjustment, this filter achieves less than 5 % frequency uncertainty. The whole circuit consumes 5.2 mA under a 1.8 V supply and occupies a die area of 0.55 mm². Both the post-layout simulation and measured results indicate that the auto-calibrating architecture is a useful and adequate solution to compensate the errors caused by factors such as fabrication tolerances, changes in operating conditions, parasitic effects and aging.     

Risk assessment for wildfire occurrence in high-voltage power line corridors by using remote-sensing techniques: a case study in Hubei Province,China

Wildfires are a significant problem for power line maintenance that can lead to widespread power outages and economic loss in China. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies and their derived applications are effective tools for power line surveillance and disaster prevention. Using multi-source data and remote-sensing techniques, a risk assessment of wildfire occurrence in high-voltage power line corridors in Hubei Province, China, is presented in this study. Both natural and human causes are considered in the assessment, including a traditional Chinese spring custom. Historical ignition points along power line corridors in Hubei Province that occurred from 2009 to 2014 were collected as training data to create a quantitative analysis. Next, a logistic regression model was applied, and ignition probability maps were produced for power lines. Several wildfire accidents that occurred in 2015 were used as validation data to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results indicated that the drought conditions significantly influenced wildfires as natural cause, and human activities play important roles in causing wildfires during specific time periods. The effectiveness and robustness of our method is thereby demonstrated, and our method can be used to provide valuable suggestions for wildfire management for the electrical department in Hubei Province.     

SINS/GNSS组合导航系统中激光多普勒测速仪参数估计

为了提高SINS/GNSS组合导航系统的全局性能,考虑加速度与高斯包络对激光多普勒测速仪的影响,提出SINS/GNSS组合导航系统中激光多普勒测速仪参数估计方法。通过分析SINS/GNSS组合导航系统工作原理,明确SINS/GNSS组合系统状态;采用预先梯度评估方法,对梯度方向进行估计迭代,以提高导航定位精度,将获取的方位偏差代入卡尔曼滤波器中进行处理,保证SINS/GNSS组合导航系统实际应用的可靠性;获取对应费希尔信息矩阵,采用正弦信号的圆频率估计方差获取CRLB;分析激光多普勒测速仪测速过程中存在的问题;在信号成分参数分解前提下,将各距离门回波近似看作多个Chirp分量合成信号,对距离压缩后的数据实施自适应Chirplet分解,完成激光多普勒测速仪参数估计。实验结果表明:所提方法能够得到准确的参数估计数值,为SINS/GNSS组合导航系统的有效应用提供理论参考。     

一种带有软启动与欠压锁定电路的新型可调光LED驱动器

本文提出了一种基于电流PWM模式DC-DC转换器的全集成LED驱动器。设计了一个软启动电路,用以消除启动瞬间的浪涌电路与过冲电压。此外,为了调整LED的亮度但不产生色散,同时获得较宽的调光范围和较高的效率,设计了一个PWM调光电路。另外,设计了一个内部补偿网络,用来消除占空比大于50%时产生的次谐波振荡,以保证LED驱动器的环路稳定性。UVLO电路保证了LED驱动器在输入电压变化时的可靠性。LED驱动器采用标准的0.5 μm CMOS工艺生产。实验结果表明：LED的亮度可被一个片外的PWM信号调整,在较宽的调光范围内。在全负载变化范围内,电感电流以及输出电流在启动时都平滑上升。当输入电压低于2.18V芯片被锁定,典型的启动时间为137μs。     

IGS精密星历和钟差插值方法的研究

阐述了IGS精密星历和钟差的内插方法,分析了精密星历和钟差的变化特点,通过实验数据对常用插值方法分析和比较,总结出精密星历和钟差的内插应采用不同的方法,精密星历的内插用高阶多项式可以获得很好的结果,但选择合适的阶数非常重要,而钟差的内插采用高阶多项式并不合适,用线性插值更为简单有效。