Wide band low phase noise QVCO based on superharmonic injection locking

A wide band, injection-coupled LC quadrature voltage control oscillator is presented. In the proposed circuit, two oscillators are injection locked by coupling their second-order harmonics in anti-phase, forcing the outputs of two oscillators into a quadrature phase state. As the common-mode point sampling the second harmonic frequency, flicker noise of the tail current is suppressed, the phase noise is reduced.The proposed design accomplishes a wide tuning frequency range by a combination of using a 5-bit switch capacitor array (SCA) for discrete tuning in addition to linearly varying AMOS varactors for continuous tuning. The proposed design has been fabricated and verified in a 0.18 μ m TSMC CMOS technology process. The measurement indicates that the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator has a 41.7% tuning range from 3.53 to 5.39 GHz. The measured phase noise is 127.98 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset at a 1.8 V supply voltage with a power consumption of 12 mW at a carrier frequency of 4.85 GHz.     

基于多模速率方程电路建模的太赫兹量子级联激光器稳态性能及输出光谱特性分析

通过改进的三能级多模态速率方程,运用电路建模 方法,建立了太赫兹(THz)量子级联激光器(QCL)的一种等效电路模型。由于基于多模 态效应进行建模,所建模型能够有效表 征多模态效应对THz QCL光电性能的影响。模型中,涉及的非辐射散射时间、自激发射弛豫 时间以及电子逃 逸时间均根据器件有源层结构参数通过自洽数值求解获得。采用所建模型,可运用通用电路 仿真工具实现对 THz QCL光电特性的模拟分析,克服了数值分析方法计算复杂、模拟时间长的缺点。运用电 路仿 真工具PSPICE对2.47THz QCL的稳态特性和输出光谱特性进行了模拟 分析,并讨论了温度变化对器 件阈值电流、输出光功率以及输出频谱的影响,分析结果与已报道的理论和实验结果一致 ,验证了本文方法的适用性和准确性。     

Risk assessment for wildfire occurrence in high-voltage power line corridors by using remote-sensing techniques: a case study in Hubei Province,China

Wildfires are a significant problem for power line maintenance that can lead to widespread power outages and economic loss in China. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies and their derived applications are effective tools for power line surveillance and disaster prevention. Using multi-source data and remote-sensing techniques, a risk assessment of wildfire occurrence in high-voltage power line corridors in Hubei Province, China, is presented in this study. Both natural and human causes are considered in the assessment, including a traditional Chinese spring custom. Historical ignition points along power line corridors in Hubei Province that occurred from 2009 to 2014 were collected as training data to create a quantitative analysis. Next, a logistic regression model was applied, and ignition probability maps were produced for power lines. Several wildfire accidents that occurred in 2015 were used as validation data to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results indicated that the drought conditions significantly influenced wildfires as natural cause, and human activities play important roles in causing wildfires during specific time periods. The effectiveness and robustness of our method is thereby demonstrated, and our method can be used to provide valuable suggestions for wildfire management for the electrical department in Hubei Province.     

All-Grounded Passive Elements Voltage-Mode DVCC-Based Universal Filters

In this paper two new voltage-mode (VM) universal filters employing three plus-type differential voltage current conveyors (DVCC+s) and grounded passive elements are presented. The first proposed filter is a single-input five-output (SIFO) circuit which can realize simultaneously all of the standard responses, i.e. low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP), high-pass (HP), all-pass (AP) and notch (NH) from the same configuration. The second proposed circuit is a three-input single-output (TISO) universal filter for realizing standard responses depending on the selection of the input signal from the same topology. Both of the proposed filters have the advantage of a high input impedance, which enables easy cascading to obtain higher order filters. The proposed filters are simulated using the SPICE program to verify the theoretical analysis.     

IGS精密星历和钟差插值方法的研究

阐述了IGS精密星历和钟差的内插方法,分析了精密星历和钟差的变化特点,通过实验数据对常用插值方法分析和比较,总结出精密星历和钟差的内插应采用不同的方法,精密星历的内插用高阶多项式可以获得很好的结果,但选择合适的阶数非常重要,而钟差的内插采用高阶多项式并不合适,用线性插值更为简单有效。     

深水通讯节点中基于脉冲采样的高能效SPWM发生系统设计

近年来,深水探测中水下通讯节点的小型化、低功耗成为设计的难点。在水声通信中,普遍使用正弦脉宽调制(Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation, SPWM)信号驱动功率放大器进行工作。传统SPWM产生系统电路复杂度高,针对SPWM生成原理和电路实现,提出基于脉冲采样的SPWM生成方法,并进行性能分析;基于数字处理器设计了高能效SPWM发生系统,在保证SPWM信息损失较小的同时,减小硬件电路面积。实验结果表明,提出的高能效脉冲采样法与SPWM发生系统可以满足工程应用。     

一种带有软启动与欠压锁定电路的新型可调光LED驱动器

本文提出了一种基于电流PWM模式DC-DC转换器的全集成LED驱动器。设计了一个软启动电路,用以消除启动瞬间的浪涌电路与过冲电压。此外,为了调整LED的亮度但不产生色散,同时获得较宽的调光范围和较高的效率,设计了一个PWM调光电路。另外,设计了一个内部补偿网络,用来消除占空比大于50%时产生的次谐波振荡,以保证LED驱动器的环路稳定性。UVLO电路保证了LED驱动器在输入电压变化时的可靠性。LED驱动器采用标准的0.5 μm CMOS工艺生产。实验结果表明：LED的亮度可被一个片外的PWM信号调整,在较宽的调光范围内。在全负载变化范围内,电感电流以及输出电流在启动时都平滑上升。当输入电压低于2.18V芯片被锁定,典型的启动时间为137μs。     

SINS/GNSS组合导航系统中激光多普勒测速仪参数估计

为了提高SINS/GNSS组合导航系统的全局性能,考虑加速度与高斯包络对激光多普勒测速仪的影响,提出SINS/GNSS组合导航系统中激光多普勒测速仪参数估计方法。通过分析SINS/GNSS组合导航系统工作原理,明确SINS/GNSS组合系统状态;采用预先梯度评估方法,对梯度方向进行估计迭代,以提高导航定位精度,将获取的方位偏差代入卡尔曼滤波器中进行处理,保证SINS/GNSS组合导航系统实际应用的可靠性;获取对应费希尔信息矩阵,采用正弦信号的圆频率估计方差获取CRLB;分析激光多普勒测速仪测速过程中存在的问题;在信号成分参数分解前提下,将各距离门回波近似看作多个Chirp分量合成信号,对距离压缩后的数据实施自适应Chirplet分解,完成激光多普勒测速仪参数估计。实验结果表明:所提方法能够得到准确的参数估计数值,为SINS/GNSS组合导航系统的有效应用提供理论参考。     

基于电路建模的THz量子级联激光器稳态性能分析

通过改进的三能级速率方程运用电路建模方法建 立了太赫兹(THz)量子级联激光器(QCL,quantum cascade)的一种等效电路模型。模型中, 涉及的非辐射散射时间、自激发射弛豫时间 以及电子逃逸时间均根据器件有源层结构参数通过自洽数值求解获得。采用该模型可运用通 用电路仿真工 具实现对THz QCL器件光电特性的模拟仿真,克服了数值分析方法计算复杂,模拟时间长的 缺点。运 用电路仿真工具PSPICE对3.9THz QCL的稳态特性进行了模拟仿真,并 讨论了温度变化对器件阈值电 流、增益系数、粒子数反转的影响,其分析结果与已报道的理论和实验结果一致,验证了本 方法的适用性和准确性。     

High-accuracy and low signal distortion on-chip auto-calibrating architecture for continuous-time filters

A high-accuracy on-chip auto-calibrating architecture is presented to compensate the process and temperature parameter variations in high-linearity continuous-time filter. The on-chip auto-calibrating architecture consists of a clock generating circuit, a voltage comparator, a digital tuning engine, and an analog integrator with similar time-constants as the tuned filter. Discrete capacitor arrays are utilized to tune filter automatically for preserving a high linearity. A fourth-order RC filter for GNSS receivers is fabricated in 0.18 µm CMOS process to verify the performance of proposed tuning architecture. With adjustment, this filter achieves less than 5 % frequency uncertainty. The whole circuit consumes 5.2 mA under a 1.8 V supply and occupies a die area of 0.55 mm². Both the post-layout simulation and measured results indicate that the auto-calibrating architecture is a useful and adequate solution to compensate the errors caused by factors such as fabrication tolerances, changes in operating conditions, parasitic effects and aging.