基于BA-WPHM的滚动轴承两阶段剩余寿命预测方法

为了提高滚动轴承剩余寿命预测的准确性,根据滚动轴承运行过程的两阶段性特点,提出了一种基于蝙蝠算法(BA)和威布尔比例风险模型(WPHM)的滚动轴承两阶段剩余寿命预测方法。首先,构建基于WPHM的剩余寿命预测模型;其次,提出了两阶段极大似然估计法,建立新的似然函数,并利用BA算法进行求解,以提高参数估计的准确性;最后,建立BA-WPHM模型对滚动轴承进行剩余寿命预测。案例分析表明,相比于Newton-Raphson算法、自组织分层猴群算法(SHMA)和独特的自适应粒子群算法(UAPSO),提出的方法参数估计的准确性更高,剩余寿命的预测精度优于支持向量回归(SVR)方法,验证了所提方法的有效性,为滚动轴承维修决策的可行性提供了依据。     

中国耕地细碎化的理论解析与研究框架

基于演绎推理法和文献研究法,探索耕地细碎化的概念、过程、机制和效应,并构建耕地细碎化研究框架,为耕地细碎化研究提供理论指导。结果表明:①耕地细碎化是耕地在自然-人为双重因素驱动下,耕地地块在形态上不断分割、变小,耕地产权在主体上不断细分、多元的过程,并分别表现为相互关联又有所区别的耕地景观细碎化和耕地权属细碎化; ②耕地细碎化研究应遵循“诊断-机制-效应-治理”的理论框架,耕地细碎化诊断需从形态和权属两方面构建评价指标体系,形成机制可从自然切割力、利用切割力、设施切割力和管理切割力4个方面揭示不同因素的作用机制,效应需揭示不同尺度下耕地细碎化形态和产权的趋势性转折对经济、社会和生态的影响,治理研究应按照“问题识别治理潜力治理路径保障措施”的逻辑顺序构建。     

Crude Wax Extracted from Rice Bran Oil Improves Oleogel Properties and Oxidative Stability

Crude wax extracted from rice bran oil (RBO) is used to improve the oleogel properties and oxidative stability of RBO. The effect of crude rice bran wax (CrBW) on the formation characteristics and oxidative stability of oleogels is discussed. The results show that oleogels can be formed with 7.0 wt% CrBW at 20 °C. As the concentration of CrBW increases from 7.0 to 11.0 wt%, the hardness and solid fat content (SFC) of the oleogels increase significantly, and the oleogels are primarily β' crystals. Moreover, oleogel crystals formed with 5 and 7 wt% CrBW are flocculent; when the amount included is 9%, the oleogel crystals are transformed into long dendrites, and the density rises. After 90 days of storage at 20 °C, the peroxide value of oleogels formed with 9.0 wt% CrBW slowly rises from 3.21 to 6.52 mmol kg⁻¹. Practical Applications: Oleogels prepared here by CrBW and RBO are an innovative structural lipid without trans fats. Useful information on the rich fats and nutrients in CrBW is provided, which reduces the production cost and improves the industrial production capacity.     

孔雀绿分光光度法测定炭素制品中微量铅的研究

采用分光光度法来测定炭素制品中微量铅的含量。经比较实验确定了该方法最佳的实验奈件。该方法操作简便、快速、检出限低、灵敏度高，是检测微量铅含量一种较理想的方法。     

麻辣休闲食品的研制

对双螺杆蒸煮挤压机挤压面类麻辣休闲食品配方进行了研究。实验以小麦粉和大豆分离蛋白为蒸煮挤压产品的主要原料,利用正交设计方法将休闲麻辣食品的配方优化为：辣椒的添加量0.8%、孜然的添加量0.7%、麻椒的添加量为0.4%。     

仓式静态连续好氧堆肥发酵工艺的水气研究

采用仓式静态连续好氧堆肥发酵工艺,通过建立水平衡体系,系统地研究了水分对整个发酵工艺的影响,得出了仓式静态连续好氧堆肥发酵具有工艺简便,热交换快,水气蒸发量大等特点;好氧堆肥发酵过程中发酵温度保持在65℃左右,含水量控制在45%～55%有利于有机物降解,垃圾堆肥可在40～50d腐熟;静态连续好氧一次堆肥发酵物料的含水量需控制在35%以下,机械自动分选(类)筛分效率高,筛分率在90%～95%,垃圾减容在50%～60%.二次堆肥发酵物料的含水量需控制在25%～30%,机械除杂(碎石、碎玻璃等)效果好,有机肥中杂质含量低于0.8%.静态好氧二次堆肥发酵可以用垃圾渗沥水补充水分,达到资源循环再利用,可实现污水零排放.     

石油烃、Cu2+单一与复合污染对沙蚕的毒性效应

在实验室模拟条件下研究了石油烃、Cu2+单一与复合污染对沙蚕的毒性效应.试验的结果表明,沙蚕的死亡率与石油烃、Cu2+的浓度呈显著相关关系.其半数致死浓度LC50分别为:30.2～116.26μg/L(石油烃);449.52～1130.34μg/L(Cu2+).沙蚕体内Cu2+的积累量随着暴露溶液中Cu2+浓度的上升而增加,当Cu2+的浓度>500μg/L时,这一变化十分显著;而沙蚕体内石油烃的含量随着暴露溶液中石油烃浓度的升高无显著变化.而Cu2+和石油烃复合污染对沙蚕的毒性作用较为复杂,在不同的处理中,表现出了协同和拮抗两种作用方式.同时,在Cu2+与石油烃复合污染条件下,沙蚕体内Cu2+的积累量也有显著变化.在复合处理组中,当Cu2+的浓度达到500μg/L时,Cu2+在沙蚕体内的积累量与Cu2+单一污染相比,Cu2+在沙蚕体内积累量相比显著降低.     

Effects of main factors on remedying northern landscaping water by hybrid ecological filter

Natural zeolite and coal cinder were layered as main packing medium of the ecological filter instead of traditional filling to remedy the static lake water in Northern China.The ecological filter was running in a combined upward and downward flow mode.Dynamic experiments were carried out to study the effects of retention time and ambient temperature on pollutants’ removal efficiency of the hybrid ecological filter.The function of plant was also studied by contrast test.It is showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and TP are increased when the retention time is changed from 1 h to 2 h and 4 h,but the removal efficiency of TN is decreased,the removal efficiency of NH4+-N is increased from 91.5% to 98% and that of TP is increased from 31.8% to 52.5%.When the temperature declines,the temporal removal efficiency of NH4+-N is reduced,but the removal efficiency of 24 h and 48 h is remained.The removal efficiency of TP after 24 h and 48 h is decreased when the temperature declines evidently.The retention time plays an important role in NH4+-N and TP removal,and the ambient temperature is significant for TP removal.The plant favors for TP and organic matter removal but has little effect on TN removal.     

黑龙江省夏季旱涝灾害区划及对策研究

采用全省81个站夏季6-8月气温、降水资料,计算变异系数;进行正态化处理,计算Z指数。确定重旱轻旱？重涝轻涝和降水、温度指标,求出发生概率结果进行灾害3级区划,即重？中？轻区划。另外进行了全省主旱区和主涝区区划,并提出了7点对策。     

多步自适应组合预测及其应用

提出一种多步自适应组合预测方法.预测由多个并行不同的多步自适应预测模型组成,最终预测结果,由多个预测模型预测值的线性加权组合决定.本法适用于随机时变动态系统过程的多步预测问题,在某省粮食产量趋势预测中,应用此法获得了良好的效果.