Development of ruminating behavior in Holstein calves between birth and 30 days of age

Ruminating behavior accompanies the development of the rumen and the intake of solid feed in calves. However, few studies have reported on the emergence and development of rumination. In this study, we observed ruminating behavior changes of 56 Holstein calves (body weight at birth = 40.1 ± 3.96 kg; mean ± standard deviation) from birth to 30 d of age under the feeding management of suckling calves that were only fed pelleted concentrate feed and milk. All calves were housed in individual pens equipped with infrared cameras. We explored feed intake within 30 d of age, body weight on 61 d of age, and other apparent indicators, including the age of first eating the bedding, duration of non-nutritive oral behavior at 25 and 30 d of age, total starter feed intake within 30 d of age, average daily starter feed intake within 30 d of age, and duration of ruminating behavior at 25 and 30 d of age for all calves, to further explore the effects of the age of first ruminating behavior (AFR). The AFR fitted the normal distribution and ranged from 15 to 20 d of age for 50% of the experimental population. The AFR was positively correlated with the age of first eating the bedding and duration of non-nutritive oral behavior at 30 d of age. Total starter feed intake within 30 d of age, average daily starter feed intake within 30 d of age, duration of ruminating behavior at 25 and 30 d of age, and duration of eating the bedding at 25 and 30 d of age were negatively correlated with AFR. Overall, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has analyzed the correlation between AFR and other indicators. We found that earlier AFR was associated with shorter duration of non-nutritive oral behavior, longer durations of rumination and eating the bedding, and higher feed intake by 30 d of age.     

糙米和大米非靶向代谢组学分析

为分析全谷物糙米和大米的差异代谢产物及其代谢途径,采用液相色谱-串联质谱联用非靶向代谢组学技术,分析糙米碾磨前后的代谢物变化和主要参与代谢途径。通过单变量和主成分分析、偏最小二乘判别分析和聚类分析等多变量统计分析发现,在差异倍数不小于1.2或不大于0.833 3、P＜0.05、变量投影重要性值不小于1的条件下,正离子模式下检测到糙米和大米中显著变化的差异代谢物为460 种（其中上调300 种、下调160 种）,负离子模式下检测到糙米和大米中显著变化的差异代谢物为579 种（其中上调383 种、下调196 种）;正离子模式下主要参与代谢途径为2 条（苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成、组氨酸代谢）,参与代谢物为4 种;负离子模式下主要参与代谢途径为5 条（甜菜碱生物合成、C5-支链二元酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、玉米素生物合成和碳代谢）,参与代谢物为10 种。结果发现,全谷物糙米与大米相比,差异代谢物上调为主,而且通过影响氨基酸代谢、碳代谢、嘌呤代谢、玉米素代谢和甜菜碱生物合成等代谢途径,调节米糠和胚中多种氨基酸、多酚、脂肪酸类物质含量,提升稻米的营养品质。本研究为全谷物糙米的营养评价提供理论依据,为以糙米为原料的相关加工技术和产品的开发提供基础。     

巯基乙醇对大豆分离蛋白热致聚合物界面性质的影响

为探讨β-巯基乙醇对大豆分离蛋白热致聚合物界面性质的影响,以大豆分离蛋白为原料,在pH7.0、90℃加热添加和不添加β-巯基乙醇(2 mmol/L)浓度为10 mg/mL的大豆分离蛋白溶液0 h和10 h,制备不同大豆分离蛋白质热致聚合物.观察了大豆分离蛋白、添加β-巯基乙醇大豆分离蛋白、大豆分离蛋白热致聚合物和β-巯...     

Stationary hydroacoustics demonstrates vessel avoidance biases during mobile hydroacoustic surveys of alewife in Lake Ontario

Mobile hydroacoustic surveys are routinely used to estimate pelagic fish abundance. In the Great Lakes, alewife are commonly surveyed with mobile hydroacoustics, however, their behavior often has them associated with epilimnetic habitats which increases the potential for vessel avoidance to bias hydroacoustic observations. Abundance estimates from mobile hydroacoustic surveys are typically made using depth and size thresholds to classify targets to species. In hydroacoustic surveys, fish can appear to be smaller when oriented off horizontal axis, as is common with fish displaying vessel avoidance behaviour. This presents a problem where alewives that are diving may appear too small to be correctly classified. We compared alewife swimming behaviours and target strength distributions between stationary up-looking and mobile down-looking hydroacoustics to quantify how vessel avoidance may bias hydroacoustic observations. Alewives from the mobile survey were found to be diving away from the surface, moving faster and in more linear paths than the undisturbed fish from the stationary survey. In the mobile survey, alewives were observed at smaller target strength values than would be expected if boat avoidance was not occurring. Our results suggest that alewife behavioral changes associated with vessel avoidance affect the number and size of targets classified as alewife from mobile hydroacoustic surveys in Lake Ontario.     

Advancing re-designation of beneficial use impairments in the Toronto and Region Area of Concern: Synthesis and highlights

Since the establishment of the Toronto and Region Area of Concern in 1985 there have been marked improvements in water quality and sediments. These improvements have led to the re-designation of five beneficial use impairments as unimpaired. For the remaining six beneficial use impairments (five listed as impaired and one requiring further assessment), efforts are underway to assess their status and identify actions that could lead towards their re-designation. Here we introduce a series of nine articles that establish benchmarks of current conditions, provide critical supporting information to undertake an assessment, or directly assess (or re-confirm) the status of a beneficial use impairments.     

Spatiotemporal Assessment of Water Conservation Function for Ecosystem Service Management Using a GIS-Based Data-Fusion Analysis Framework

Water Resources Management - In order to improve water ecological service and ensure water resource protection, it is imperative to develop an effective evaluation method to identify the...     

Experiment of biological pulse sensor and its application in physical education

Wearable device performance and sensors are becoming more accessible to the public and sports teams. Technological advances enable individual's endurance athletes, sports teams, and physicians to monitor the lifting function, workload, and biomarkers to maximize performance and reduce injuries. This system has proposed a bio-pulse sensor based on the Best-Fit-Pattern Prediction Algorithm (BFPPA) to best fit is used to monitor the movement of the player. The proposed system has proposed a configuration of the sensor fusion positioning in intelligent pulse sensors and biomedical applications, sports. In this work, the integration of the activities of players selected based on the pulse and other eavesdropping activities in these areas is to modify the collection, quantification, and classification of recommendations related to some physical variables' ability. These techniques search the fitted values in the feed-forward process, education with a field of physical diagnosis, rehabilitation, biological fitness monitoring, and the development of the player's performance to recommend them. It is to generate a proposal from the Experts familiar with the sport, discuss the best application in the leadership team sports of various types of available wearable sensors, and discuss their current utilization; Sports It will be the future presence applications for education.     

Design of enterprise employee pension platform based on complex embedded system

Developing countries are increasingly aware of the need to develop and implement an improved system of providing public pensions for the elderly. The purpose of such a system may be smooth consumption, thus providing a reliable income to the elderly, the elderly poverty reduction, the insured no longer risk running out of money to work to promote equality between men and women retirement benefits, even though the average expected lifetime earnings and life may be very different. The market for Enterprise Secure Systems (ESS) continue to grow as companies increasingly global and competitive. More and more in the spotlight as the ES manufacturers are small businesses. Proposal is based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms to provide (a) the angle of the commercial interests of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) ES a unique supplier / consultant of view, from their ES investments and (b) are expected to review the current approach by considering the conceptual framework for the organization, processes and strategic context of the implementation of SMEs ES implementation. Professionals pointed out that although many ES realize now that a few years ago, small and medium enterprises have only recently begun the process of analyzing the expected return track to achieve business value from their investment in the ES. The results also determine how to perform the ES approach is more suitable for the SME sector to adapt, the ES is an important market for traders given the large enterprise market to achieve saturation ES. In the design and implementation of pension fund management application to replace the manual system to get rid of participating in traditional pension management process barriers.     

Internet of things image detection and activation of β-Catenin on bone growth

More evidence indicates image detection and activation of a leading role in bone repair of the β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the role of β-catenin signaling in fracture healing at the remodeling stage is currently unknown. In this study, β-catenin was removed in mice at different levels of activation or at a later stage of fracture healing. The impact on healing quality was examined based on IoT. Loss of bone remodeling and β-catenin interference is increased β-catenin bone resorption and decreased bone formation, and significantly reduced compared to wild-type mice, as evidenced by bone strength. The constitutive activation of β-catenin is significant, increasing bone mass and delaying the bone remodeling process, resulting in slightly impaired β-catenin bone strength. Mutual studies have found that postpartum mice develop articular cartilage with too little strategy using (Cre) Col2 and collagen type 2) COL2-cree, β-catenin growth. Plate collapse was caused by conditional ablation and bone severe volume loss is based on image detection analysis. In summary, these data provide evidence that β-catenin signaling plays an important and unique role in the growth plate and articular cartilage. Misregulation of the leads of this signaling pathway due to various structural and functional changes in the two cartilage structures after childbirth.