Evaluation research on applicability of rapid iodide migration test

The applicability of the rapid iodide migration test was systematically studied. Comparative experimental tests of different test conditions, including several external voltages, test durations, concrete ages and mixing proportions, were carried out to make clear the transport behaviors of iodide under parallel electric fields. Numerical simulations were also done using the finite element method to found the correlation between chloride and iodide transport behaviors. The test and numerical results show that the chloride transport behaviors of RIM and RCM tests have a good correlation under the several conditions used in the present paper. Moreover, the influence of external conditions （external voltages, test durations） on the test results is small. Thus, it can be concluded that the RIM method is available to determine the chloride penetration resistance of the chloride-eroded structural concrete.     

A simplified approach for negative skin friction calculation of special-shaped pile considering pile-soil interaction under surcharge

A simplified approach was proposed to analyze the negative skin friction calculation of special-shaped pile considering pile-soil interaction under surcharge. Based on the concentric cylinder shearing theory, considering the changes of pile shape（such as, taper angle and diameters of pile base, etc.）, the load-transfer of special-shaped pile was built. The accuracy of the developed simplified approach was verified by numerical simulation model with the same condition. Then, the influence factors, such as, taper angles, the diameter of pile base, surcharge, and pile-soil interface parameters were analyzed and discussed. The results show that the developed simplified approach can calculate NSF of special-shaped pile under surcharge effectively. A limited parametric study indicates that in many practical situations special-shaped piles（such as belled wedge pile shown in this work） offer a design option that is more economical than traditional uniform cross-section piles.     

Probabilistic analysis of random contact force between geomembrane and granular material

A probabilistic method based on principle of maximum entropy was employed to analyze the randomness of contact force between geomembrane and granular material. The contact force distribution is exponential according to the proposed method and the grain size is the most important factor that affects the distribution of contact force. The proposed method is then verified by a series of laboratory experiments using glass beads and cobbles as granular material and a very thin pressure, indicating that film is firstly used in these experiments which give a reliable method to measure the contact force at each contact point.     

Simulation of hydrogen diffusion in welded joint of X80 pipeline steel

Hydrogen diffusion coefficients of different regions in the welded joint of X80 pipeline steel were measured using the electro-chemical permeation technique. Using ABAQUS software, hydrogen diffusion in X80 pipeline steel welded joint was studied in consideration of the inhomogeneity of the welding zone, and temperature-dependent thermo-physical and mechanical properties of the metals. A three dimensional finite element model was developed and a coupled thermo-mechanical-diffusion analysis was performed. Hydrogen concentration distribution across the welded joint was obtained. It is found that the postweld residual hydrogen exhibits a non-uniform distribution across the welded joint. A maximum equivalent stress occurs in the immediate vicinity of the weld metal. The heat affected zone has the highest hydrogen concentration level, followed by the weld zone and the base metal.Simulation results are well consistent with theoretical analysis.     

大理岩细观破坏行为的量化分析

对选自四川镜屏二级水电站的大理岩进行带有加载装置的扫描电镜(SEM)细观损伤破坏过程的动态试验.获取试验过程中裂纹生长发育的相关图片,并进行图像处理、分析、可视化和算法开发的研究,获取岩石损伤破坏的过程中的重要参数(长度、面积、角度等),进行损伤破坏特性的量化分析.研究结果表明,加载过程中,长度、方位角、面积等细观结构参数服从一定的分布规律和演化规律;加载过程中分叉裂纹极其发育,加载后期裂纹扩展迅速,最终形成剪切破坏面.     

基于表面反应和扩散迁移控制的灰岩单裂隙渗流—溶解模型及其数值模拟

针对碳酸盐类可溶岩地区水电站坝址流场、化学场以及固相介质属性等随时间发生改变,从而对工程安全运行造成不利影响等问题,研究了灰岩地区地下水运移过程中各物理场间的相互作用,分析了影响灰岩溶解速率的两个因素,即表面反应控制和扩散迁移控制。在此基础上,建立了单裂隙中的渗流—溶解耦合模型,并进行数值求解。模拟结果表明,在垂直裂隙延伸方向,其溶蚀锋面为非齐整平面,而是呈似“虫洞”状非均一变化,而沿裂隙延伸方向即自上游侧向下游方向溶蚀程度逐渐减轻;而通过裂隙的流量呈现随时间逐渐增大的趋势,但变幅不大;根据流量求得的等效水力隙宽,其增幅和增长速率均小于实际平均隙宽;同时,化学场中Ca2+浓度的分布与裂隙开度变化具有相似性,不同时刻下上游侧反应速率R均大于下游侧。就反应机制而言,在初期均受表面反应控制,而随反应进行,位于上游补给区部位转为受扩散迁移控制,但在下游位置仍受表面反应控制。     

城市规划环评中公众参与的法律价值分析

用法律价值分析法研究城市规划环评公众参与制度,对我国城市规划环评制度的完善具有积极的意义。我国城市规划环评的公众参与制度是以提高环评的科学性、保障公民合法权益、维护环境正义为价值目标。然而现行制度中还存在着许多诸如立法层次低、参与主体不明确、参与方式有限、信息公开制度不健全、司法救济制度不完善等不利于实现前述法律价值目标的缺陷。为此,在法律实践中立法机关应当采取如转变法律价值观念、提高立法层次、明确参与主体、规范参与方式、健全信息公开制度、构建司法救济制度等措施来完善公众参与制度,以实现其应有的法律价值。     

深基坑变形影响因素的正交分析

随着基坑向大、深方向发展,对变形控制也越来越严格,深基坑变形已成为基坑设计中的首要因素。综合深基坑设计中影响变形的多个常见因素,在单因素影响基坑变形基础上,进行了多因素组合下的8个因素4个水平的正交设计,分别对地面沉降、建筑物基础沉降差、围护结构水平位移、基坑隆起值4个指标进行考察,研究各因素的敏感性大小和显著性分析。分析结果表明,支撑间距、土体变形模量、开挖深度是基坑设计中较为重要的因素,其他因素对深基坑变形影响较小。     

基于风力发电机典型控制策略的控制参数设计及稳定性验证

由风速变化引起的功率波动会对电力系统的稳定性以及风电系统变流器的可靠性等产生负面影响.文中基于风力发电机2种典型的功率平滑控制策略,即改进最大功率点跟踪控制和功率反馈控制,分别建立了从风速到输出功率、电磁转矩和转速的传递函数.然后,分析了风力机的稳定运行条件,合理设计了风力机稳定运行下变流器的控制器优化参数.此外,通过绘制系统的根轨迹以及分析随机风速下系统的Nyquist曲线和Bode图来进一步验证参数设计方法的合理性和可行性.最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink建立了永磁直驱风力发电系统仿真模型,检验所提出的控制器设计参数的效果.通过验证可知,优化设计下的参数能最大程度地跟踪功率、减小功率波动,同时保证风力机转速的稳定性.     

悬停状态下旋翼飞行机器人自适应鲁棒控制

针对加装二自由度绳驱动机械臂的旋翼飞行机器人在悬停条件下的抗干扰控制,提出了一种自适应终端滑模控制策略.将系统分成四旋翼飞行器和机械臂两个子系统,分别采用拉格朗日法与牛顿-欧拉法获得各自的动力学模型.在Lyapunov稳定性框架下设计了旋翼飞行器人的抗干扰轨迹跟踪控制器,并引人自适应策略来估计扰动上界.通过3个仿真算例验证了所设计控制器的有效性,结果表明,与其他控制器相比,本控制器具有较高的跟踪精度、较强的鲁棒性以及较好的抗干扰能力;机械臂质量的变化主要影响x通道和y通道的控制性能;本控制器基本能满足旋翼飞行机器人悬停作业的工作需求,具有一定的工程参考意义.