基于超材料结构的悬臂梁水听器设计

悬臂梁水听器可在谐振频段接收低频水声信号,相比传统水听器,其不仅能提升灵敏度,还可获得更优越的探测性能,在海洋工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。该文基于声学超材料设计了一种新的悬臂梁水听器,研究了声学超材料的负等效原理及材料参数对谐振频率的影响,获得了降低悬臂梁水听器谐振频率的方法。在此基础上分析了单纯铜梁、三层铜-橡胶梁、五层铜-橡胶梁的一阶固有频率,并结合实际使用需求选用三层复合结构完成超材料悬臂梁水听器的设计。仿真分析结果表明,在相同尺寸情况下,该文设计的水听器比传统悬臂梁水听器具有更低的谐振频率。     

用于射频滤波器的LN单晶薄膜XBAR的性能研究

基于铌酸锂(LN)薄膜的横向激发体声波谐振器(XBAR)能够兼具大机电耦合系数(K²)和高谐振频率(f)特性,有望满足5G应用的频段要求。然而,常规LN薄膜单层XBAR结构的温度稳定性较差,频率温度系数(TCF)较低。该文提出一种具有SiO₂温度补偿层的SiO₂/LN双层结构XBAR,并建立了精确分析层状结构XBAR的有限元模型。理论分析表明,该双层结构XBAR上激励的主模式是一阶反对称(A1)兰姆波。通过合理优化结构参数配置,能够获得高谐振频率(f～4.75 GHz)和大机电耦合系数(K²～8%),同时其温度稳定性也得到显著改善(TCF～-36.1×10^-6/℃),相较于单层XBAR结构提高了近70×10^-6/℃,这为研制温补型高频、大带宽声学滤波器提供了理论基础。     

Effect of dilution gases in methane on the deposition of diamond-like carbon in a microwave discharge II: Effect of hydrogen

The effect of hydrogen as a dilution gas on the deposition of diamond-like carbon by the decomposition of methane in a microwave discharge was studied from surface analysis of the substrate and from plasma diagnostics. When carbon deposited from a CH₄-Ar plasma and consisting of large amounts of graphite and small amounts of diamond, was placed in the hydrogen plasma chemical sputtering of carbon to form hydrocarbons and adsorption of hydrogen on the carbon substrate were observed. The reaction occured only on graphite and not on diamond. The effects of hydrogen as a dilution gas on the deposition of diamond-like carbon from CH₄-H₂ plasma are to cause the formation of CH₃ radicals in the plasma, the removal of graphite from the deposit and the adsorption of atomic hydrogen on the deposit as an active participant in the diamond crystallization process.     

突发传输中ZP-OFDM的信道估计和跟踪

在缓变信道的突发传输模式中,信道估计通常采用前导(preamble)的方法,并假设在突发过程中信道不变。但是,由于信道实际在不同的OFDM符号中是缓变的,因此这种假设导致了系统性能的下降。在这里,针对ZP-OFDM系统,该文给出了一种低复杂度的信道估计和跟踪方法。它在突发传输的第1个OFDM符号中利用梳状导频的方法进行信道估计,在随后的OFDM符号中利用在时域只插入1位训练位的方法来实现信道的跟踪。仿真结果表明,该方法提高了系统的性能。     

一种高精度的压缩域视频目标分割算法

该文提出了一种工作于MPEG压缩域的快速视频目标分割算法。该算法以从MPEG1/2码流中部分解码提取的特征为输入,提取P帧中的运动目标。针对一般的压缩域算法目标边界精度不高的特点,算法采用I帧和P帧中每个块的直流DCT系数和3个交流DCT系数,以及运动补偿信息,重建出P帧的原图像1/16大小的子图像,采用快速平均移聚类得到具有较高边界精度的亮度一致的区域;针对运动向量的噪声容易造成错误检测的缺点,算法结合聚类分析结果和运动块的分布,采用基于马尔可夫随机场的统计标号方法对目标和背景区域进行分类,得到每个P帧的目标掩模。该算法可以得到44子块的边界精度,对于CIF格式的码流,在Pentium IV 2GHz平台上可以达到每秒40帧的处理速度。     

VLIW处理器系统级验证平台的设计与实现

本文提出了一种新的VLIW处理器验证平台的实现方法。采用寄存器跟踪技术,建立了一个与RTL模型一致的抽象功能验证模型,基于VXI总线测试技术,实现了高度集成化的系统芯片验证平台,弥补了单一验证技术的不足,设计期功能仿真满足测试覆盖率的要求,并与板级功能测试仿真保持一致,充分证明了方法的有效性。     

一种新的基于数值积分的粒子滤波算法

该文提出了一种新的用于非线性非高斯系统状态估计的粒子滤波算法。首先通过基于数值积分的差商滤波器产生重要密度函数,由于这些重要密度函数结合了最新的观测数据,这样采样得到的样本更接近于系统状态的真实后验概率,因此其性能优于标准的粒子滤波算法。最后给出了理论分析和仿真结果,验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种新的基于UMVE和OS的恒虚警检测算法

为了充分利用参考单元所提供的信息,减少恒虚警损失,该文基于无偏最小方差估计(UMVE)方法和有序统计(OS)方法,提出了一种新的恒虚警检测器(MOSUM-CFAR)。它的前沿和后沿滑窗分别采用UMVE和OS方法产生两个局部估计,再对二者求和得到背景功率水平估计。在Swerling II型目标假设下,文中推导出MOSUM-CFAR在均匀背景下虚警概率Pfa和检测概率Pd及多目标环境下检测概率Pd的解析表达式,并与其它方案作了比较。分析结果表明MOSUM-CFAR在均匀背景和多目标环境下均具有相当好的检测性能。     

编码器-解码器模型合成汉英语码转换文本

为了解决汉英语码转换文本数据稀缺的问题,本文提出了基于编码器-解码器模型合成语码转换文本的方法,从有限的语码转换文本与大量单语种平行语料中学习语码转换语言学规则与语种内部的语言学规则,来合成语码转换文本。但是该模型合成的语码转换文本自然度低,因此本文又提出基于带复制机制的编码器-解码器模型合成语码转换文本的方法,在编码器-解码器的基础上,增加了一个门控,用来决定从编码器的预测结果还是从编码器的输入源文本中产生下一个词。最终,该方法使语言模型在SEAME测试集上的困惑度降低了绝对13.96。由此可得出结论,本文提出的方法可大规模地合成自然度高的语码转换文本,缓解语码转换文本数据的稀缺性。     

A novel control method to maximize the energy-harvesting capability of an adjustable slope angle wave energy converter

This paper introduces a novel control approach to maximizing the output energy of an adjustable slope angle wave energy converter (ASAWEC) with oil-hydraulic power take-off. Different from typical floating-buoy WECs, the ASAWEC is capable of capturing wave energy from both heave and surge modes of wave motions. For different waves, online determination of the titling angle plays a significant role in optimizing the overall efficiency of the ASAWEC. To enhance this task, the proposed method was developed based on a learning vector quantitative neural network (LVQNN) algorithm. First, the LVQNN-based supervisor controller detects wave conditions and directly produces the optimal titling angles. Second, a so-called efficiency optimization mechanism (EOM) with a secondary controller was designed to regulate automatically the ASAWEC slope angle to the desired value sent from the supervisor controller. A prototype of the ASAWEC was fabricated and a series of simulations and experiments was performed to train the supervisor controller and validate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach with regular waves. The results indicated that the system could reach the optimal angle within 2s and subsequently, the output energy could be maximized. Compared to the performance of a system with a vertically fixed slope angle, an increase of 5% in the overall efficiency was achieved. In addition, simulations of the controlled system were performed with irregular waves to confirm the applicability of the proposed approach in practice.