地铁直流牵引供电系统振荡机理分析

地铁直流牵引供电系统低频振荡电流是导致DDL保护误动的主要原因。从系统分析的角度,建立了计及电动车辆影响的直流牵引供电系统电磁暂态模型及系统振荡时的非线性二阶动态模型。在唯一平衡点邻域内,利用李亚普诺夫间接法将非线性动态系统转换为线性系统后,确定出系统振荡的结构条件。实例计算和仿真表明,牵引变流器和牵引电机的等效负电阻是系统不稳定的主要电气参量,系统振荡频率主要取决于车载滤波电容与滤波电感,且系统仿真波形在众多特征上与实际记录的电流波形基本一致。     

基于自适应高增益观测器的永磁同步电机预测电流控制方法

针对永磁同步电机(permanentmagnetsynchronous motor,PMSM)预测控制系统的模型失配、时变矩阵及观测器增益选择问题,提出基于自适应高增益观测器的预测电流控制方法(predictive current control based on an adaptive high-gain observer,AHGOPCC)。通过构建PMSM的前馈型扩张数学模型,集成考虑电机电阻、电感、磁链参数扰动项。提出基于前馈型扩张标称数学模型的高增益观测器,有效跟踪和估计电流与扰动状态及抑制转速变化引起的扰动。同时,设计自适应观测器增益矩阵满足全速工况的高增益条件,简化观测器的增益选择。在此基础上,构建离散化电流模型和成本函数,实现预测电流控制算法。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性,在多种工况下具备更优的快速性、鲁棒性及稳定性。     

面向高压直流输电的电流源型主动换相换流器研究综述

采用自关断功率半导体器件的电流源型主动换相换流器(actively commutated converter,ACC)具有有功与无功功率可解耦、不存在换相失败、无需大量储能电容等特点,在高压直流输电领域具有较好的应用前景。该文针对适用于高压直流输电(high voltage direct current,HVDC)的ACC功率半导体器件及其均压方法、电路拓扑、调制方法、功率特性、控制策略、故障及保护方法等进行调研和分析。结合具体实例,将ACC与现有HVDC的2种换流器,即电网换相换流器(line commutated converter,LCC)和模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)进行对比分析。同时,对ACC的潜在应用、存在的问题以及发展的方向进行总结和归纳。     

Analysis of the abnormal resistance in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure＇s ohmic contact tests

Ti/Al/Ti/Au and Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contacts were fabricated on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure under different temperatures of rapid thermal processing （RTP）. Since abnormal resistance values were observed during the contact resistance testing,the surface morphology and contact borders of the samples were analyzed to determine the physical mechanism. Such abnormal phenomenon is found to originate from cracking of the AlGaN layer during RTP,flowing of Ti/Al metallic liquid along the crevices,and continuous reaction of the metallic liquid with AlGaN/GaN. Such processes result in abnormal conduction channels. The possible mechanism of the crevice formation was discussed,and the possible solutions to avoid the crevices were proposed.     

Memory applications of a thiophene-based conjugated polymer by photoluminescence measurements

Data-storage and memory applications of conjugated polymers and organic semiconductors are generally probed by device current or dielectric properties to determine the storage and switching properties. In this article, we use photoluminescence as an alternate method of probing the states of the devices. We have fabricated such devices based on a polythiophene derivative, and recorded photoluminescence (PL) spectra during and after applying bias. The presence of localized charges on the backbone of the polymer has been found to modulate the PL intensity. Since the relaxation of the space charges is slow, we have shown that PL intensity can be used as a probe for memory applications to read the state of the device. PL as a probe for memory applications of polymeric materials offers an intrinsic advantage that the state can be read without affecting the device properties.     

Subspace filtering approach based on orthogonal projection for better analysis of stressed speech under clean and noisy environments

This study explores a novel subspace projection-based approach for analysis of stressed speech. Studies have shown that stress influences the speech production system and it results in a large acoustic variation between the neutral and the stressed speech. This degrades the discrimination capability of an automatic speech recognition system trained on neutral speech when tested on stressed speech. An effort is made to reduce the acoustic mismatch by explicitly normalizing the stress-specific attributes. The stress-specific divergences are normalized by exploiting the subspace filtering technique. To accomplish this, an orthogonal projection based linear relationship between the speech and the stress information has been explored to filter an effective speech subspace, which consists of speech information. Speech subspace is constructed using K-means clustering followed by singular value decomposition method using neutral speech data. The speech and the stress information are separated by projecting the stressed speech orthogonally onto an effective speech subspace. Experimental results indicate that, the bases of an effective subspace comprises the first few eigenvectors corresponding to the highest eigenvalues. To further improve the system performance, both the neutral and the stressed speech are projected onto the lower dimensional subspace. The projections derived using the neutral speech employs heteroscedastic linear discriminant analysis in maximum likelihood linear transformations-based semi-tied adaptation framework. Consistent improvements are noted for the proposed technique in all the discussed cases.     

Proposal of a statistical test rule induction method by use of the decision table

Rough sets theory is widely used as a method for estimating and/or inducing the knowledge structure of if-then rules from various decision tables. This paper presents the results of a retest of rough set rule induction ability by the use of simulation data sets. The conventional method has two main problems: firstly the diversification of the estimated rules, and secondly the strong dependence of the estimated rules on the data set sampling from the population. We here propose a new rule induction method based on the view that the rules existing in their population cause partiality of the distribution of the decision attribute values. This partiality can be utilized to detect the rules by use of a statistical test. The proposed new method is applied to the simulation data sets. The results show the method is valid and has clear advantages, as it overcomes the above problems inherent in the conventional method.