Optimal operation region of super-high-speed electrical air compressor in fuel cell system for working stability under multiple-time scale excitation

As an important component of fuel cell systems, the operational stability of compressors powered by super-high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors (SHSPMSMs) significantly affects the comprehensive performance of fuel cells. Under relatively low-frequency excitation, as the difference between excitation and natural frequencies is in the range of an order gap, multi-time scales are generated in a super-high-speed electrical air compressor (SHSEAC), and thereby lead to the generation of complex nonlinear vibrations. Moreover, the stiffness softening effect due to high-speed operation leads to additional instability phenomena. In this study, a multi-time scale-based instability mechanism of a SHSEAC was examined under the stiffness softening effect. The mathematical model of a SHSEAC was first established by considering the load and electromagnetic excitation. Then, by considering load excitation as a slow variable, the operation regions of the system are accurately classified based on the bifurcation theory and Routh–Hurwitz criterion. Numerical simulations are developed to determine the optimal operation region and investigate the effects of the excitation frequency amplitude and order gap on the transition of the system to instability. The results indicate that under multi-time scales, the excitation amplitude classifies the operation region into three categories: optimal operation region, progressive instability region, and absolute instability region. Furthermore, stiffness softening effect will cause optimal operation region to be gradually eroded, increasing probability of instability.     

Observations in the structural response of adhesive bondline defects

In terms of adhesively bonded repairs there are two main concerns with regard to structural integrity. These are the effect of debonds and weak bondlines on the load transfer and durability of the joint. The influence of load transfer depends on the stiffness of the bondline. When this is degraded the out-of-plane deformation of the joint will be modified locally. Observation of the out-of-plane deformation is a key in the identification of weakened bondline and represents an indication that either poor surface preparation or aging effects have occurred. Holographic interferometry has been used to better understand the structural response of bondline defects, both debonds and weak bonds. The interferogram fringe patterns show the structural response and indicate whether the bondline has been broken or is weakly bonded. The significance of this observation is that weak bonds do affect the structural load response of the bondline in a number of ways. This effect is due to the reduction in bondline stiffness.     

横向温度分布对无取向电工钢热轧板形的影响

摘要： 电工钢热轧凸度和楔形难以满足日益增高的板形质量要求。为了揭示横向温度分布对无取向电工钢热轧板形的影响规律,建立了三维弹塑性有限元模型,有限元模型中的带钢材料模型以其热塑性本构模型为依据进行设定。通过有限元仿真计算分别研究了电工钢热轧过程两相区和单相区轧制温度条件下带钢横向温度抛物线分布、边部温度下降和横向温度倾斜分布3种典型温度分布特征对板形的影响规律。研究发现,两相区轧制时,横向温差易引发凸度增大、边降增高等板形问题;单相区轧制时,横向温差则会导致凸度减小甚至下凹、边部翘起等问题;较小的横向温度倾斜分布即会引发巨大的楔形缺陷。电工钢热轧过程应严格控制横向温差,以降低其对板形的不良影响。     

A remedy to gradient type constraint dilemma encountered in RKPM

A major disadvantage of conventional meshless methods as compared to finite element method (FEM) is their weak performance in dealing with constraints. To overcome this difficulty, the penalty and Lagrange multiplier methods have been proposed in the literature. In the penalty method, constraints cannot be enforced exactly. On the other hand, the method of Lagrange multiplier leads to an ill-conditioned matrix which is not positive definite. The aim of this paper is to boost the effectiveness of the conventional reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) in handling those types of constraints which specify the field variable and its gradient(s) conveniently. Insertion of the gradient term(s), along with generalization of the corrected collocation method, provides a breakthrough remedy in dealing with such controversial constraints. This methodology which is based on these concepts is referred to as gradient RKPM (GRKPM). Since one can easily relate to such types of constraints in the context of beam-columns and plates, some pertinent boundary value problems are analyzed. It is seen that GRKPM, not only enforces constraints and boundary conditions conveniently, but also leads to enhanced accuracy and substantial improvement of the convergence rate.     

Residual Capacity of Friction-Type High-Strength Bolted T-stub Connection with Nut Corrosion Damage

Corrosion is a primary cause of the slippage of friction-type high-strength bolted(FHSB) T-stub connections. This paper attempts to quantify the residual capacity of FHSB T-stub connections with corroded nuts. Firstly, corrosion simulation tests were conducted on 48 manually cut nuts to find out the relationship between the damage degree of nut section and the residual clamping force(RCF) of bolt. Then, static load tests were carried out on 24 FHSB T-stub connections with nuts of different degre...     

Optimization of metal foils surface finishing using vibration-assisted micro-forging

The present study focuses on optimizing metal foils surface finishing using vibration-assisted micro-forging. Different experimental parameters and specimens were used, and percentage of energy used for plastic deformation was calculated to find out the best conditions for surface finishing. The result shows that whether punch surface part with specimen or not is very important for the final surface roughness. The best vibration amplitude is larger than 2.47 μm and initial static stress is around 140 MPa. It is also found that face-centered cubic metal specimens with rougher surface and lower thickness are prone to gain a better surface.     

基于连续高阶模滑的多机电力系统励磁控制

为了提高多机电力系统暂态稳定性,提出一种连续高阶滑模励磁控制策略。各发电机功角偏差为滑模变量,把具有非线性和不确定性多机电力系统的高阶滑模控制转化为不确定积分链系统的有限时间稳定问题,控制器结合几何齐次连续控制律和二阶滑模超螺旋算法,实现系统状态有限时间收敛,克服系统未建模动态、测量误差和外部扰动等不确定性,利用精确鲁棒微分器观测功角微分,理论分析证明了闭环系统的有限时间稳定。所设计高阶滑模励磁控制器能够保持机端电压稳定,并能有效提高电力系统的暂态稳定性。针对3机系统的仿真结果验证了该控制方法的有效性。     

基于拐点线的大雾能见度检测算法

针对基于区域增长算法的能见度检测方法精度低和计算复杂度高的问题,提出一种基于拐点线(IPL)检测滤波器的能见度检测算法。首先,分析了拐点线所具有的各向异性、连续性和水平性等特征;然后,根据这些特征构建了一个拐点线检测滤波器,以提高拐点检测的精度和速度;最后,结合能见度计算模型和拐点线检测滤波器的检测结果计算大雾天气下的能见度值。与基于区域增长算法的能见度检测方法相比,该算法的运行时间和检测误差分别降低了80%和12.2%。实验结果表明,基于拐点线检测滤波器的能见度检测算法能够有效提高雾天能见度的检测精度,降低拐点定位的计算复杂度。     

结合语义与事务属性的QoS感知的服务优化选择

服务级别协议（SLA）等级感知的服务选择是NP难题。针对服务选择中维度与粒度方面的问题,提出结合语义与事务属性的服务质量（QoS）感知的服务优化选择模型。该模型从语义链接匹配度、QoS与事务三个维度对服务进行优化选择,并设计了支持多粒度的编码策略。针对服务选择中时间复杂度高的问题,提出了克隆选择与遗传算法相结合的混合优化算法。该算法首先采用动态适应度函数,逐代淘汰不满足约束的个体;其次给出了事务属性的优先级,并根据优先级设计了知识启发式的交叉与变异算子,以保证个体满足事务属性要求;最后在遗传算法中对优秀个体进行克隆选择,以增强对最优解的搜索能力。仿真实验中,该算法在服务选择的精确度和成功率方面均优于遗传算法;在时间花费上稍高于遗传算法但远低于穷举法。实验结果表明,所提算法能在较少时间花费的基础上保证服务选择的质量。     

重复使用下咖啡粉用不锈钢量匙中特定元素迁移

目的 以咖啡粉用不锈钢量匙为例,研究量匙在重复使用条件下与真实食品接触时的迁移行为,为正确使用不锈钢食具和相关决策制定提供数据参考.方法 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱方法(ICP-MS),研究重复使用次数、咖啡粉开封时间对收集的3种咖啡粉用不锈钢量匙中铅、镍、铬、镉、砷等5种元素迁移规律的影响,且对比分析标准条件和实际使用条件下元素迁移行为的差异.结果 咖啡粉用不锈钢量匙中元素的累积迁移量随重复使用次数增加显著,随咖啡粉开封时间小幅增加,重复使用1000次的元素累积迁移量相当于重复使用100次的2～3倍,明显超标的镍元素可高达12倍;另外,不锈钢量匙在体积分数为4％乙酸模拟液标准条件下的元素迁移量高于与咖啡粉重复接触100次的累积迁移量,但低于重复接触1000次的累积迁移量.结论 在一定范围内,不锈钢制品的标准迁移条件比真实食品接触条件更为苛刻,然而在日常使用中,尚需注意不锈钢食具与同一食品反复接触过多次时所累积的潜在危害.