Dwell time estimation models for bus rapid transit stations

Railway Engineering Science - Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems have been shown to have many advantages including affordability, high capacity vehicles, and reliable service. Due to these attractive...     

An integrated multiple criteria preference ranking approach to the Canadian west coast port congestion conflict

An integrative conflict analysis approach, incorporating an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based preference ranking method into the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR), is employed to investigate the Canadian west coast port congestion dispute. The Canadian west coast has historically been an important gateway connecting North America to Asia thanks to its specific geographical and strategic location. Despite successful operations and maintenance of the port facilities to handle international trade during the past few decades, the west coast is now facing increasing congestion problems, resulting in significant delays in transporting goods from the west coast to other parts of Canada and the USA. The strategic analyses carried out in this research suggest potential resolutions in which Canada would expand port facilities at various locations, encouraging traders to continue choosing the Canadian west coast as one of their trade gateways to North America.     

Experimental and theoretical studies on the ultimate bearing capacity of geogrid-reinforced sand

Geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) structures have gained popularity in replacing concrete rigid piles as abutments to support medium or small-spanned bridge superstructures in recent years. This study conducted 13 model tests to investigate the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass when sand was used as backfill soil. The GRS mass was constructed and loaded to failure under a plane strain condition. Test results were compared with two analytical solutions available in literature. This study also proposed an analytical model for predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The failure surface of the GRS mass was described by the Rankine failure surface. The effects of compaction and reinforcement tension were equivalent to increased confining pressures to account for the reinforcing effects of the geosynthetic reinforcement. The proposed model was verified by the results of the model tests conducted in this study and reported in literature. Results indicated that the proposed model was more capable of predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass than the other two analytical solutions available in literature. The proposed model can be used to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of GRS structures when sand was used as backfill material. In addition, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of friction angle of backfill soil, reinforcement spacing, reinforcement strength, and reinforcement stiffness on the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass calculated with and without compaction effects. Results showed that the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass was significantly affected by the friction angle of backfill soil, reinforcement spacing and strength. Compaction effects resulted in an increase in the ultimate bearing capacity of the GRS mass.     

基于FWD的半刚性基层开裂状况无损评价模型

为无损判别半刚性基层开裂状况,以落锤式弯沉仪(FWD)为平台反演基层模量,分析弯沉盆匹配法和规律法模量反演结果的差异,进行基层反演模量与开裂状况的相关性分析,以基层模量比为评价指标,建立基层开裂状况无损评价模型和评价标准。研究表明：铣刨后的半刚性基层表面可视化损坏模式主要为裂缝;与弯沉盆匹配法相比,弯沉盆规律法的模量反演结果唯一且土基模量变异性较低;基层模量比与基层开裂状况在半对数坐标下具有良好的线性关系;基层开裂状况可分为四类,基层模量比分界值分别为0.68、0.47、0.30。该评价模型适用于不同强度的半刚性基层损坏状况的无损判别,可为路面大中修设计是否翻修半刚性基层提供决策支持。     

沥青路面水损害分析

针对沥青路面水损害问题,运用轴对称有限元方法分析了标准轴栽作用下沥青路面层内孔隙水压力的变化规律及其对沥青路面结构应力状态的不利影响。研究结果表明,孔隙水压力致使沥青与集料剥离,并引起沥青路面内部开裂,从而造成沥青路面过早破坏。     

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory: Solar and supernova neutrino studies with a large heavy water Cherenkov detector

A brief overview is given of the status of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) large heavy water Cherenkov detector intended for the observation of solar and supernova neutrinos. This detector offers the potential of obtaining qualitatively and quantitatively new information about these neutrinos and their sources.     

钢桥面沥青混合料铺装应变动态响应实测研究

掌握钢桥面沥青混合料铺装层在车载作用下的真实力学特性对桥面铺装体系设计有重要意义,而现阶段现场桥面铺装层的力学实测数据仍偏少,尤其缺乏对铺装层不同温度下服役时力学特性的长期监测。为此,该研究对钢桥面双层SMA混合料铺装进行现场实桥加载试验,实测铺装层在低温、中温、高温3种服役温度下的应变响应数据。试验结果表明,钢桥梯形肋正上方铺装层混合料在中低温服役状态下主要承受压应变的作用,而在高温服役时则主要承受拉应变的作用;动载作用过程中铺装层底纵向应变会出现拉压应变交替作用的现象,而横向应变只体现为拉应变或压应变的形式;加载车行驶速度对混合料的应变极值均有明显的影响,加载车低速行驶时混合料层底横向及纵向变形最为显著。同时,研究利用加载试验中铺装层应变响应时程曲线,计算不同加载状态下混合料对应的加载频率数值,计算结果可为钢桥面铺装混合料室内试验中加载频率参数的确定提供参考。     

软土地层中越江盾构隧道的地震响应分析

在有效应力动力分析方法的基础上,采用等效线性化方法的动力计算模型,研究了在7度地震下隧道-土体体系的地震反应.计算中采用唐山地震波作为水平输入的地震波,得到隧道周围土层的反应加速度、动孔压比、动剪应力比等地震反应,并估算了地基土的震陷值,为工程的抗震措施提供必要的参考依据.     

Improved analytical model for circumferential behavior of jointed shield tunnels considering the longitudinal differential settlement

Differential settlements of the shield tunnel along the longitudinal direction can significantly affect the circumferential behavior of segmental lining, degrading both the structure safety and serviceability. In this paper, the authors introduce both the shearing effect and flattening effect on the tunnel cross section, which was caused by the longitudinal differential settlement, into an existing analytical model of jointed shield tunnels. An example is then presented to illustrate the variation of the circumferential behavior of segmental lining, including both the structure safety and serviceability, along the longitudinal position. Finally, a series of parametric studies are performed to investigate how factors such as tunnel longitudinal settlement, property of surrounding ground, and the design parameters of segmental lining affect the circumferential behavior of the segmental lining.     

橡胶沥青路面湿法和干法技术研究进展

应用废旧轮胎橡胶粉铺筑橡胶沥青路面，即可实现废旧轮胎资源化利用，又能提高沥青路面的使用性能。废旧橡胶粉在沥青路面中的应用主要有湿法和干法两种工艺。比较分析了国外湿法橡胶沥青技术标准。认为粘度是控制橡胶沥青性能的核心指标，而搅拌温度和搅拌时间是橡胶沥青生产工艺关键控制参数。针对干法椽胶沥青路面性能不稳定、易出现早期病害的问题，提出了采用间断级配、选用较高粘度结合料、控制橡胶粉粒径等干法橡胶沥青路面铺装关键技术。