南水北调穿黄工程始发井地下连续墙施工技术

穿黄工程是南水北调中线工程上最为关键的交叉建筑物,其盾构始发井地下连续墙深76.6m,是目前国内最深的,连续墙自上而下穿越透水性强的粉细砂层、中砂互层和粉质壤土层,工程地质条件差、施工技术难度大, 文章主要阐述了场地平整、施工前加固措施、导墙施工、成槽施工、钢筋笼吊装下设和混凝土灌注所采取的工程措施和创新技术,为类似工程提供参考.     

邻近盾构施工中的桩基托换效果研究

以成都地铁1号线盾构近距离穿越某建筑桩基工程为背景,建立有限元模型,研究盾构穿越施工和荷载转移措施对结构及桩基的影响。结果表明:盾构从桩端穿越时,有无采用梁包柱形式的桩基托换措施对隧道结构内力影响较小,但该措施能够有效减小被托换桩的最大沉降和各桩之间的不均匀沉降。桩基托换使距隧道较近的两桩轴力减小,距隧道较远的桩轴力增加,在所有桩体上均产生附加弯矩,但量值较小。建筑结构的最大弯矩发生在距隧道最远处的柱与右跨梁的刚接位置,桩基托换有效减小梁、柱的最大弯矩。监测数据表明,盾构穿越施工对桩基影响较小,桩基托换措施达到预期效果。     

Stabilizing blended calcium sulfate materials for roadway base construction

Blended calcium sulfate (BCS), a recycled fluorogypsum waste material, has been used in Louisiana as a pavement base layer for more than a decade. Without further chemical stabilization, the major concern of using raw BCS as a pavement structural layer is its moisture resistance. It could cause both short-term construction difficulties and long-term performance problems. In order to improve the moisture susceptibility of BCS, various cementitious agents were used in the laboratory for BCS stabilization. To further verify the efficiency of BCS stabilization schemes obtained from laboratory and assess the field performance for stabilized BCS materials as well as potential cost-benefits, three pavement test sections were constructed and tested using the accelerated loading facility (ALF) device. Both laboratory and field test results indicated that a grade 120 granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBFS) of 10 vol.% stabilized BCS material possessed a superior performance over raw BCS in terms of water resistance, durability, and good long-term performance. Field test results further demonstrated that the GGBFS stabilized BCS base outperformed both a regular crushed stone base and a fly ash stabilized BCS base by a significantly large margin.A life-cycle cost analysis proved that, besides its outstanding laboratory and field performance, using the GGBFS stabilized BCS can provide a substantial long-term savings over regular crushed stone and fly ash stabilized BCS bases in a 30-year pavement design life period.     

混凝土桥面铺装黏结防水层材料关键性能研究

对3种黏结防水层材料(热喷SBS改性沥青、水泥基防水涂料,AWP-2000桥面黏结防水层涂料)的抗剪性能和黏结性能进行了室内测试分析和评价.结果表明,热喷SBS改性沥青和AWP-2000桥面黏结防水层涂料的性能良好,尤其是后者的抗剪性能更为突出,而水泥基防水涂料则相对逊色.然后对AWP-2000桥面黏结防水层涂料的现场抗剪强度和拉拔强度进行了测试,并与已有的SBS改性乳化沥青+小碎石黏结防水层进行了对比,结果表明,两者均能满足JC/T 975—2005《道桥用防水涂料》规范要求,但AWP-2000桥面黏结防水层涂料性能更优一些.     

机场智能跑道体系架构与关键技术

机场跑道的结构安全、运行安全以及运营管理主要依赖于传统的人工检测和经验分析,该方法存在程序繁琐、效率低、误差大等问题,无法及时发现跑道隐性病害,难以满足机场跑道高效运行和全时安全的要求。针对上述问题,文章提出智能跑道概念,通过智能传感器件对跑道的多维动态信息进行实时感知、统一管理和分析表达,并明确智能跑道的层次架构与主要功能,阐述了智能跑道各项功能的实现路径。依托上海浦东国际机场四跑道建设,建成中国首个跑道道面性状感知系统;依托成都天府国际机场西一跑道建设,建成中国首条智能跑道,该智能跑道能够实现对跑道性状的智能感知、自主分析与风险预警。机场智能跑道技术是“四型机场”与“新基建”战略的具体表现,为我国机场建设提供了引领与示范。     

基于多年观测数据的地温预测模型

基于气温周期性变化条件下浅层地温的理论解,将同一地点不同深度的地温统一在一个表达式中,通过历史数据分析,确立了实测地温年变化参数与实测气温年变化参数的统计关系,由此建立了地温预测模型,验证了模型的适宜性。     

Experimental analysis on settlement controlling of geogrid-reinforced pile-supported embankments on collapsible loess in high-speed railway

Centrifugal model tests were performed to investigate the effectiveness of settlement control using geogrid-reinforced pile-supported embankments for high-speed railways on collapsible loess. First, the acceptability of using remoulded loess to simulate the behaviour of undisturbed collapsible loess in wetting test was examined in centrifuge tests. Then, the settlement of geogrid-reinforced pile-supported embankments under different conditions was investigated using remoulded loess. Experiments results showed that the collapse deformation process of remoulded and undisturbed collapsible loess can be divided into three stages with respect to time. The settlement of embankment built on collapsible loess foundation without improvement does not meet the post-construction settlement constraint for embankment of ballast track high-speed railways. Use of rigid piles, with or without caps, can significantly reduce embankment settlement and the rate of post-construction settlement. It was also observed that the negative skin friction developed in the piles varies with pile spacing and the pile configurations.     

Evaluating the impact of three incentive programs on the economics of cofiring willow biomass with coal in New York State

Plantations of fast-growing willow shrubs are being promoted as a source quality biomass feedstock for bioenergy and bioproducts in New York State (NY). In the near-term, cofiring of the feedstock—in combination with other woody biomass—with coal in existing utility power boilers is considered to be the most promising conversion method for energy generation. Despite the clear technological viability and associated environmental benefits, cofiring of willow has not been widely adopted. The relatively high production cost of the willow feedstock, which is over twice that of coal, is the primary reason for this lack of interest. Taxes that account for some of the social costs of using coal and/or incentives that appropriate value for some of the social benefits of using willow are essential for eliminating most or the entire current price differential. This paper presents an integrated analysis of the economics of power generation from cofiring willow biomass feedstock with coal, from the perspective of the grower, aggregator and the power plant. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the relative impact of a green premium price, a closed-loop biomass tax credit, and payments to growers under the proposed Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) harvesting exemption policy. The CRP payments reduced the delivered cost of willow by 36–35%, to $1.90 GJ⁻¹ and $1.70 GJ⁻¹, under current and increased yield conditions, respectively. These prices are still high, relative to coal. Other incentives are required to ensure commercial viability. The required levels of green premium price (0.4–1.0 cents kWh⁻¹) and biomass tax credit (0.75–2.4 cents kWh⁻¹) vary depending on whether the incentives were being applied by themselves or in combination, and whether current yield or potential increased yields were being considered. In the near term, cofiring willow biomass and coal can be an economically viable option for power generation in NY if the expected overall beneficial effects associated with the production and use of the biomass is accounted for.     

地铁与建筑物合建中不同固有频率钢弹簧浮置板轨道的适用性分析

以基于车辆-轨道耦合动力理论的地铁-钢弹簧浮置板耦合动力模型为基础,按照钢弹簧底座位置上力相互协调的原则,建立隧道-建筑物-地基二维有限元模型。然后从分析合建结构的自振特性和钢弹簧支反力的频谱特征入手,采用1/3倍频程振级评价法探讨不同固有频率钢弹簧浮置板轨道在不同合建结构形式中的适用性。研究结果表明:①地铁与建筑物合建结构的竖向自由振动20～80Hz的参振质量比例较高,可达50%以上,而4～10Hz竖向参振质量却差异较大,这与结构尺寸和刚度有关;②4～10Hz钢弹簧浮置板都可有效削减合建结构20～80Hz的竖向振动能量,但会放大浮置板固有频率附近的振动能量;③地铁低频振动传播容易在合建结构内引起共振,因此钢弹簧浮置板固有频率应避开合建结构4～10Hz内竖向参振质量较大且较集中的频段。     

水泥稳定碎石静态模量与动态模量比较

分析了静态模量和动态模量的定义及试验方法,并采用MTS(材料试验机)对3种水泥用量的水泥稳定碎石进行了不同荷载级位下的静态模量和动态模量试验.结果表明,动态模量试验方法更符合路面实际受力状况;水泥稳定碎石不是纯粹的弹性材料,其动态模量随水泥用量的增加而显著增加;静态模量和动态模量均随荷载的增加而增加;相同荷载级位下,水泥稳定碎石的动态模量比静态模量大,两者的比值约为1.2～1.6.