Performance comparison of reduced models for leak detection in water distribution networks

This paper presents a methodology for comparing the performance of model-reduction strategies to be used with a diagnostic methodology for leak detection in water distribution networks. The goal is to find reduction strategies that are suitable for error-domain model falsification, a model based data interpretation methodology. Twelve reduction strategies are derived from five strategy categories. Categories differ according to the manner in which nodes are selected for deletion. A node is selected for deletion according to: (1) the diameter of the pipes; (2) the number of pipes linked to a node; (3) the angle of the pipes in the case of two-pipe nodes; (4) the distribution of the water demand; and, (5) a pair-wise combination of some categories.The methodology is illustrated using part of a real network. Performance is evaluated first by judging the equivalency of the reduced network with the initial network (before the application of any reduction procedure) and secondly, by assessing the compatibility with the diagnostic methodology. The results show that for each reduction strategy the equivalency of networks is verified. Computational time can be reduced to less than 20% of the non-reduced network in the best case. Results of diagnostic performance show that the performance decreases when using reduced networks. The reduction strategy with the best diagnostic performance is that based on the angle of two-pipe nodes, with an angle threshold of 165°. In addition, the sensitivity of the performance of the reduced networks to variation in leak intensity is evaluated. Results show that the reduction strategies where the number of nodes is significantly reduced are the most sensitive.Finally this paper describes a Pareto analysis that is used to select the reduction strategy that is a good compromise between reduction of computational time and performance of the diagnosis. In this context, the extension strategy is the most attractive.     

一种基于计算机视觉的车流量检测方法

该文提出一种基于计算机视觉的车流量检测方法。首先,利用背景差法对视频中车辆前景图像进行提取。其次,对前景图像进行灰度化、二值化、膨胀、填充等图像处理方法。然后,完成图片中目标块数目的统计,完成车辆的计数。最后,对车辆粘连问题提出了基于车辆形状的解决方案。实验结果表明了该方法的准确性和有效性。     

基于De Bruijn图的De Novo序列组装软件性能分析

随着新一代测序技术的发展,一些新的全基因组组装算法应运而生,特别是针对第三代高通量测序仪产生的海量短序列的组装软件被不断开发出来,这些组装软件渐渐走向市场。但是,由于这些组装软件的适用性和其性能的差别,选择一款性能优良的组装工具或者开发并行高吞吐的组装工具成为了当前面临的一大难题。本文选取基于 De Bruijn 图算法开发的 4 款 De Novo 组装的软件（Velvet、SOAPdenovo、IDBA、ABySS）对 4 种物种的基因组的模拟数据进行测试,并从软件的算法、组装性能和组装质量 3 个方面分析这 4 个软件的性能,同时根据其算法特点推断影响这些软件性能的关键因素,并给出软件的使用建议以及开发并行序列组装工具来组装超大规模的基因数据应该注意的问题。     

Development of a robot assisted carotid blood flow measurement system

The ultrasound diagnosis of the carotid artery is one of the most common non-invasive methods to detect early stage heart and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the precision and repetitiveness of the probe positioning depend exclusively on the operator's skills and dexterity. For this purpose, we propose the development of a robot assisted system to enhance the accuracy and repetitiveness of the probe positioning to measure the wave intensity (WI) index. In this paper, the Waseda-Tokyo Women's Medical-Aloka Blood Flow Measurement Robot System No. 2 Refined (WTA-2R) is presented. The WTA-2R consists of a conventional ultrasound diagnosis system, a 6-DOFs parallel link slave manipulator, a 6-DOFs serial link passive arm, and a master device. Experiments were carried out to verify its effectiveness in terms of accuracy and required time to perform the task. From the experimental results, the positioning accuracy and reduction of required time were confirmed.     

Evolutionary forwarding games in delay tolerant networks: Equilibria,mechanism design and stochastic approximation

In this paper, we apply evolutionary games to non-cooperative forwarding control in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). The main focus is on mechanisms to rule the participation of the relays to the delivery of messages in DTNs. Thus, we express the success probability as a function of the competition that takes place within a large population of mobiles, and we characterize the effect of reward-based mechanisms on the performance of such systems. Devices acting as active relays, in fact, sacrifice part of their batteries in order to support message replication and thus increase the probability to reach the destination. In our scheme, a relay can choose the strategy by which they participate to the message relaying. A mobile that participates receives a unit of reward based on the reward mechanism selected by the network. A utility function is introduced as the difference between the expected reward and the energy cost, i.e., the cost spent by the relay to sustain forwarding operations. We show how the evolution dynamics and the equilibrium behavior (called Evolutionary Stable Strategy – ESS) are influenced by the characteristics of inter contact time, energy expenditure and pricing characteristics.We extend our analysis to mechanisms that the system can introduce in order to have the message delivered to the destination with high probability within a given deadline and under energy constraints which bound the number of released copies per message. Finally, we apply our findings in order to devise decentralized forwarding algorithms that are rooted in the theory of stochastic approximations. Thus, we demonstrate that the ESS can be attained without complete knowledge of the system state and letting the source monitor number of released copies per message only. We provide extensive numerical results to validate the proposed scheme.     

粉喷桩在防潮堤工程中的应用

结合东营市莱州湾西岸防潮堤的工程地质条件,通过方案比较,堤基处理中采用粉喷桩技术,即:上游粉喷桩下游反压平台加固方案,实施后取得了良好的效果.     

南水北调TJ4-1标工程低碱混凝土试验研究

南水北调工程是国家重点工程,对施工质量要求极高,许多标准要求超过了现行国家标准。TK4-1标工程主要以明挖现浇混凝土3孔箱涵为主,地下水化学类型比较复杂,为防止环境水的腐蚀,必须严格控制原材料及混凝土碱含量。结合混凝土的施工工艺和方法,介绍低碱混凝土配合比的设计及主要参数的选择,从而获得较为合理的混凝土施工配合比。     

南水北调中线工程河北段膨胀土固结试验研究

针对南水北调中线一期工程总干渠膨胀土河北段工程特性,采用室内固结实验对膨胀土进行定性分析,分析得出膨胀土的压缩系数,单位沉降量及孔隙比和压力的关系等。提出了更为可靠、合理、安全的解决方案,为原型实验提供数据资料和参考依据。     

基于虚拟仿真的动车组转向架检修支持系统开发

CRH380BL高速动车组转向架技术含量高,结构复杂,需要高效率、高质量的检修与维护手段。文章综合应用虚拟现实、多媒体和仿真技术,设计开发了动车组转向架检修虚拟仿真支持系统。它提供一个可视化的多媒体信息平台,可支持新的培训模式,使培训人员在虚拟环境中快速掌握检修技能,以交互方式浏览转向架各组成部件的三维模型,了解转向架的技术信息、结构特点、模块配置、各级修程信息及产品装配过程。该文介绍了转向架结构特点,详细描述了系统的结构、功能以及关键技术。     

地铁车厢灯光自适应控制研究

解决地铁节电问题一直是国内外大力研究的课题。而行驶在高架以及地面段的地铁列车具有天然的采光资源——自然光。根据这一现状,提出一种自适应调节车厢内灯具照度的方法,来达到节约地铁车厢内照明用电的目的。针对自然光随机性高,变化频率快,以及地铁运行时外界环境干扰大的问题,提出采用数字滤波器结合模糊控制的方法,将经巴特沃斯低通滤波器滤除高频干扰的车厢内照度信号传输给模糊控制器,通过模糊控制器的逻辑推理判断处理,实现了地铁车厢灯光自适应地调节车厢内灯具的照度,节约了地铁车厢照明用电。