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91.
《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》1986,249(1):91-101
Using high current, cw linear accelerator technology, a spallation neutron source can achieve much higher average intensities than existing or proposed pulsed spallation sources. With about 100 mA of 300 MeV protons or deuterons, the accelerator based neutron research facility (ABNR) would initially achieve the 1016 n/cm2 s thermal flux goal of the advanced steady state neutron source, and upgrading could provide higher steady state fluxes. The relatively low ion energy compared to other spallation sources has an important impact on R&D requirements as well as capital cost, for which a range of $ 300–450M is estimated by comparison to other accelerator-based neutron source facilities. The source is similar to a reactor source in most respects. It has some higher energy neutrons but fewer gamma rays, and the moderator region is free of many of the design constraints of a reactor, which helps to implement sources for various neutron energy spectra, many beam tubes, etc. With the development of a multibeam concept and the basis for currents greater than 100 mA that is assumed in the R&D plan, the ABNR would serve many additional uses, such as fusion materials development, production of proton-rich isotopes, and other energy and defense program needs. 相似文献
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The CuO/CeO2 catalysts were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD),laser Raman spectroscopy(LRS),X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy(XPS),temperature-programmed reduction(TPR),in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and NO+CO reaction.The results revealed that the low temperature(150 °C) catalytic performances were enhanced for CO pretreated samples.During CO pretreatment,the surface Cu+/Cu0 and oxygen vacancies on ceria surface were present.The low valence copper species activated the adsorbed CO and surface oxygen vacancies facilitated the NO dissociation.These effects in turn led to higher activities of CuO/CeO2 for NO reduction.The current study provided helpful understandings of active sites and reaction mechanism in NO+CO reaction. 相似文献
96.
97.
《Acta Metallurgica Materialia》1994,42(7):2365-2374
In eutectic alloys solidified in a thermal gradient, it has been observed that the final shape of the grains nucleated in the bulk of the liquid is more elongated in the direction opposite to that of the heat flow. This experimental result appears to be in contradiction with that expected for the growth of an isolated grain, since the portion of the interface located in the downstream heat flow direction is the most undercooled and thus has the highest growth rate. However, when considering a family of grains which continuously nucleate in the bulk of the liquid, it is shown that the impingement of the grains limits their growth in the downstream heat flow direction and thus explains their final shape. In order to investigate this phenomenon, the differential equation which governs the growth of an isolated eutectic grain in a thermal gradient has been derived and solved analytically for the two extreme positions of the interface along the heat flow direction. Using these relationships, the asymmetry factor of the grains has been deduced as a function of the solidification parameters. The overall shape of an isolated grain has also been predicted using numerical integration. Finally, these results are integrated into a stochastic model of grain structure formation and the simulated microstructure is compared with experimental micrographs previously obtained for hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloys remelted by laser. 相似文献
98.
《Acta Metallurgica Materialia》1991,39(12):3161-3166
The effect of an applied stress on formation of Fe16N2 in a FeN alloy has been examined by use of a magnetic torque meter and a scanning electron microscope. Stress-assisted preferential nucleation of Fe16N2 and formation of metastable primary clusters have been detected by measuring magnetic anisotropy. It is found that uniaxial magnetization along the cube axis is not achieved in the early stage of precipitation, particularly during low temperature aging, but is achieved only after full aging at a higher temperature. On the basis of the analyses of magnetic torque curves, the possible structures of the primary clusters are proposed and compared with the microscopic observations of the precipitates. 相似文献
99.
《Acta Metallurgica Materialia》1990,38(5):781-790
The correlation between the structure and zero-temperature energy of symmetrical tilt grain boundaries (STGBs) in f.c.c. metals is investigated using two embedded-atom-method potentials (for Cu and Au) and a Lennard-Jones potential fitted for Cu. Similar to free surfaces, misorientation phase space associated with these simple planar defects consists of only two degrees of freedom, namely those associated with the GB plane. The sampling of this two-dimensional phase space in terms of the stereographic triangle shows energy cusps as its corners and along its edges. These cusps are shown to arise from GB geometries with particularly small planar unit cells. Similar to free surfaces, a good correlation is found between the number of broken nearest-neighbor bonds per unit area and the GB energy. Also, as in our earlier study of twist boundaries, a practically linear relationship is found between the GB energy and volume expansion at the boundary. Finally, a comparison with twist boundaries shows that the STGBs represent the endpoints of the energy vs twist-angle curves. This enables a direct comparison of the properties of twist and tilt boundaries. 相似文献
100.
《Acta Metallurgica Materialia》1990,38(6):1191-1200
Transmission electron microscopy of boron-doped Ni3Al single crystals, oriented for single slip and cyclically deformed at room temperature, revealed a high density of dislocation dipoles and point defect clusters. Observations of circular perfect dislocation loops, Frank loops, vacancy tetrahedra and spherical voids provide evidence of vacancy condensation during fatigue cycling at room temperature. It is suggested that lattice misfit develops between persistent slip bands (PSB) and matrix as a result of the generation and coalescence of excess vacancies in PSBs. The misfit strain at PSB/matrix interfaces is considered to increase with increasing cumulative plastic strain. Together with SEM observations of surface topography, it is suggested that fatigue damage in Ni3Al single crystals is initiated by the formation of microvoids (microcracks) at PSB/matrix interfaces. The microvoids (microcracks) break down the coherency of the PSB/matrix interfaces and thereby relieve the accumulated misfit strain at the interfaces. A model of fatigue crack initiation based upon a surface energy criterion is proposed. 相似文献