开裂混凝土中氯离子传输的数值模拟

通过施加劈裂荷载方式诱导裂缝,然后采用图像分析技术对裂缝进行表征。采用多项式拟合推导出裂缝宽度、深度和氯离子浓度三者之间的关系,借助有限元方法推导出预测开裂混凝土中氯离子浓度分布的二维数值模拟方法。通过与试验分析结果相比较,验证了该模拟方法的有效性。     

甘蔗糖蜜对水泥缓凝和减水的性能研究

甘蔗废糖蜜对水泥同时具有缓凝和减水作用.采用酒精凝聚法分离废糖蜜得到胶体和非胶体组份:从水泥水化热、表面张力以及吸附性能阐述了其对水泥减水和缓凝的原因.结果表明,糖蜜中的胶体组份主要起分散作用,而非胶体组份主要起缓凝作用.     

基于偏最小二乘回归的半参数模型在大坝安全监测系统中的应用研究

半参数模型能有效地分离系统误差,故受到测绘学界的广泛重视。针对大坝安全监测系统中的多元回归、逐步回归和偏最小二乘回归三种常用统计模型的不足,引入半参数模型,提出了基于偏最小二乘回归的半参数模型,并通过实例验证该方法具有良好的适用性。     

化学沉积法改善纤维水泥基体的界面性能

为了改善合成纤维-水泥基体界面黏结性质,通过化学沉积纳米二氧化硅,制备了一系列的改性纤维.使用X射线能谱仪(EDS)确认二氧化硅的存在,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察纳米颗粒在纤维表面的分布,从而评价化学沉积时间对沉积效果的影响,并通过单丝纤维拔出行为和塑性抗裂性能试验证实改性纤维的优势.结果表明:对聚丙烯(PP)纤维而言,合适的化学沉积时间为60 min,此时纳米二氧化硅粒子的平均粒径为300 nm;聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维表面具有的亲水性质,使纳米二氧化硅在其上的分布形态与在PP纤维上明显不同;改性纤维的界面黏结强度显著提高,表现出优良的抗裂性能,其原因可能是由于二氧化硅的水化活性,水化产物在单丝拔出及塑性抗裂时起到了物理锚固及化学键合的双重作用.     

古塔倾斜观测和数据分析

基于全站仪的应用,提出了古塔倾斜观测的方法,介绍了观测步骤和计算方法。     

无锡新区科技交流中心建筑模型风荷载特性试验

无锡新区科技交流中心外观造型新颖独特,屋盖为梅花形金属曲面,四周为弧形玻璃幕墙。结合结构和围护系统的抗风设计要求,制作了1∶150刚性模型进行风洞试验研究,重点考虑了周边高层建筑的气动干扰作用,论文对比了周边有无高层建筑两种工况下的风压分布情况,并且将建筑表面划分为31块,分析了高层建筑对分块风压的影响情况。试验研究结果为主体结构、金属屋盖和玻璃幕墙提供设计依据。     

Short-term bacterial community composition dynamics in response to accumulation and breakdown of Microcystis blooms

Short-term bacterial community composition (BCC) dynamics in response to accumulation and breakdown of Microcystis blooms were examined by conducting in situ mesocosm experiments with varying levels of Microcystis sp. biomass, ranging from 15 to 3217 μg/L as measured by chlorophyll-a concentration in the freshwater water column. The BCC was assessed by means of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of 16S ribosomal RNA genes followed by cloning and sequencing of selected samples. The results showed that the composition of both free-living and particle-attached bacterial communities changed during the accumulation and breakdown phases of a Microcystis bloom, and differences were also evident with different levels of Microcystis biomass. The relative abundance of bacteria affiliated with Micrococcineae and Legionellales increased in general after amendment with Microcystis. Significant correlation between the relative abundance of Micrococcineae and breakdown of Microcystis biomass was also observed. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the changes in the free-living and particle-attached bacterial community were mostly related to the changes in the concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH, which were mainly induced by the breakdown of Microcystis biomass. Overall, our study revealed the following: i) accumulation of Microcystis blooms and their breakdown have strong impacts on bacterial community composition; ii) there might be saprophytic association between Micrococcineae and decomposition of Microcystis biomass; iii) it is necessary to reveal potential associations between Legionellales organisms and Microcystis blooms in eutrophic freshwater lakes.     

Contributions of meteorology to the phenology of cyanobacterial blooms: implications for future climate change

Cyanobacterial blooms are often a result of eutrophication. Recently, however, their expansion has also been found to be associated with changes in climate. To elucidate the effects of climatic variables on the expansion of cyanobacterial blooms in Taihu, China, we analyzed the relationships between climatic variables and bloom events which were retrieved by satellite images. We then assessed the contribution of each climate variable to the phenology of blooms using multiple regression models. Our study demonstrates that retrieving ecological information from satellite images is meritorious for large-scale and long-term ecological research in freshwater ecosystems. Our results show that the phenological changes of blooms at an inter-annual scale are strongly linked to climate in Taihu during the past 23 yr. Cyanobacterial blooms occur earlier and last longer with the increase of temperature, sunshine hours, and global radiation and the decrease of wind speed. Furthermore, the duration increases when the daily averages of maximum, mean, and minimum temperature each exceed 20.3 °C, 16.7 °C, and 13.7 °C, respectively. Among these factors, sunshine hours and wind speed are the primary contributors to the onset of the blooms, explaining 84.6% of their variability over the past 23 yr. These factors are also good predictors of the variability in the duration of annual blooms and determined 58.9% of the variability in this parameter. Our results indicate that when nutrients are in sufficiently high quantities to sustain the formation of cyanobacterial blooms, climatic variables become crucial in predicting cyanobacterial bloom events. Climate changes should be considered when we evaluate how much the amount of nutrients should be reduced in Taihu for lake management.     

The adsorption of basic dyes from aqueous solution on modified peat-resin particle

Modified peat was prepared by mixing thoroughly raw peat with sulfuric acid, and modified peat-resin particle was obtained, by mixing modified peat with solutions of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and formaldehyde. In this paper, the adsorption of Basic Magenta and Basic Brilliant Green onto modified peat-resin particle is examined. The adsorption isotherm showed that the adsorption of basic dyes on modified peat-resin particle deviated from the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models were used to fit the experimental data. By comparing the standard deviation, it was found that the intraparticle diffusion model could be used to well describe the adsorption of two basic dyes on modified peat-resin particle. According to the change of intraparticle diffusion parameter, the adsorption processes could be divided into different stages. The kinetics experiment also indicated that initial dye concentrations, particle dose and particle size could affect the adsorption processes of basic dyes.     

大型单建式地下车库结构设计中的若干问题

结合淮安供电公司地下停车库工程的结构设计,比较了各种楼盖形式及不同的抗浮措施对单建式地下车库设计的影响,并指出其各自的优缺点。着重讨论了无梁楼盖体系的几种常用计算方法。最后分析了超长结构无缝设计中后浇带的受力特点,提出了后浇带设置时应注意的问题及超长结构裂缝控制的施工措施。