Biodistribution and accumulation of intravenously administered carbon nanotubes in mice probed by Raman spectroscopy and fluorescent labeling

The circulation, distribution and accumulation of intravenously administered single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in mice have been investigated by using the Raman spectroscopy and fluorescent labeling. The SWCNTs exhibited a rapid blood clearance with a half-life time of 3-4 h. However, rapid uptake and high levels of SWCNTs were observed in liver of mice. These SWCNTs accumulated in liver and were hard to excrete. The SWCNTs in liver led to pathological changes of liver, including injury of macrophages, cellular swelling, unspecific inflammation and blood coagulation. Similar SWCNT uptake behavior was found in spleen and kidney, whereas, no obvious pathological changes were observed in these organs.     

Imbalance of plankton community metabolism in eutrophic Lake Taihu, China

Studies suggest that oligotrophic lakes are net heterotrophic and act as net sources of CO₂, whereas eutrophic lakes are net autotrophic and act as net CO₂ sinks. Data on plankton community metabolism in Lake Taihu contradict this hypothesis. Here, the ratios of depth integrated gross primary production (GPP) to plankton community respiration (PCR) were less than one on 75% of the study sampling dates, indicating that this system was net heterotrophic. Partial pressure estimated for CO₂ also indicated that the lake was a net source of CO₂. Net heterotrophic conditions here may be related to limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis by the poor underwater light climate (due to elevated suspended solids (SS) and nutrients originating in the catchment) and the preferential enhancement of respiration by high water temperatures. GPP and PCR were significantly correlated (PCR = 1.22GPP + 0.46, r² = 0.80) indicating a partial dependence of heterotrophs on algal derived carbon. The slope of the regression line relating PCR to GPP was more similar to slopes found in rivers than in lakes, likely due to the large nutrient and SS load to the lake.     

我国污泥焚烧技术的比较与分析

污泥焚烧是污泥处置技术的一种有效途径。介绍了国内污泥焚烧技术的发展现状以及若干典型工程案例,分析了污泥焚烧技术的关键问题,指出了污泥焚烧工程应用中所面临的主要问题。     

An Initial Inventory and Indexation of Groundwater Mega-Depletion Cases

The state of groundwater systems worldwide is presently not well defined, and in particular there is little context for agencies responsible for managing water resources to evaluate occurrences of groundwater depletion against other cases globally. In this study, an initial inventory of groundwater depletion problems is compiled and ranked to identify the world’s most critical cases, i.e. situations of groundwater mega-depletion. The ranking is based on an indexed approach that considers overdraft, drawdown and subsidence, plus the importance of the resources in terms of population-dependency and rates of extraction. The five most highly ranked depleted aquifers of the world include the shallow aquifers of the Hai River Plain (China), the Altiplano region (Spain), the Mexico Basin (Mexico), the Huang River basin (China) and the California Central Valley (USA). An abridged account of modelling to assess drawdown is described for the Hai River Plain, revealing that despite recharge in the order of 13,000 GL/yr, an overdraft of about 8,000 GL/yr is occurring to support the vast population of the region. This has led to up to 100 m of drawdown in places and reports of subsidence of several metres. The Hai River situation demonstrates that falling water levels may not act to alleviate pumping stresses; a symptom of unchecked extraction and an exemplary illustration of the tragedy of the commons. The causal factors leading to mega-depletion are varying across the globe and each mega-depletion case contains unique elements, although population appears to be an important factor.     

通信用室外一体机供电保障方案探讨

文章对通信用室外一体机的供电现状进行了分析,对其停电原因进行了归纳,并从技术层面及管理层面提出了5种解决停电故障的措施。     

徐塘发电公司7号机组ETS故障原因分析

汽轮机危急遮断系统（ETS）的正常工作对于发电厂汽轮机组的安全稳定运行有着举足轻重的作用,分析了江苏徐塘发电有限责任公司7号机组ETS故障的原因,介绍了应急处理方法,并提出了电源改造的方案。     

建筑墙体传热系数动态辨识方法模型中噪声模型的讨论

本文对建筑墙体动态热模型中的噪声模型进行了分析,讨论了动态热模型中噪声特点和噪声模型种类,介绍了不同噪声的动态热模型的系统辨识方法:增广最小二乘方法和模型结构辨识方法.而后介绍了2种不同墙体类型的现场热工数据采集试验.最后使用系统辨识方法计算了2组热工数据,结果表明模型噪声为白噪声.     

Integrated Surface–Subsurface Modeling of Fuxianhu Lake Catchment, Southwest China

This paper describes an integrated surface–subsurface modeling study of the Fuxianhu Lake catchment (southwest China). Pollution threats to this important water resource have led to the need to evaluate transport pathways and the overall water balance of the catchment. Catchment inputs to the lake include river inflows, direct overland flow and groundwater discharge, which are incorporated into a mathematical model of the system. Surface runoff and groundwater recharge are estimated using a parsimonious soil–vegetation modeling approach, while groundwater flow is based on the MODFLOW-2005 code. Overland flow and stream discharge are coupled to the groundwater regime through the soil layer and are routed through the catchment to account for surface water flow pathways. The model is tested using the V-catchment benchmark problem and is compared to existing models to demonstrate accuracy and capability. Application of the model to the Fuxianhu catchment provides for the first-order approximation of the average catchment water balance, which comprises such components as evapotranspiration losses (37% of rainfall), surface runoff to the lake (37% of rainfall), and groundwater discharge to the lake (8% of rainfall), amongst others. The computationally efficient approach to surface–subsurface modeling adopted in this investigation presents as an alternative to more complex methods, and allows for the rapid assessment of flow pathways at the catchment scale. An erratum to this article can be found at     

INVERSE METHOD TO DETERMINE SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES FROM TRANSIENT OUTFLOW EXPERIMENTS

Transient outflow experiments coupling with an inverse method are promising to derive soil hydraulic information. The water retention curves obtained from one-step and multi-step outflow experiments were compared with those from the pressure cell method. We found that in one-step experiments the increment of pressure would reduce the non-uniqueness of inverse technique and that in multi-step experiment the combination of cumulative outflow with pressure head in the objective function would improve the final estimation and also reduce the non-uniqueness of inverse problem.     

基于MATLAB的三次样条插值在绳套型水位流量关系定线推流中的应用

对于绳套型水位流量关系,常用连时序法定线,即：手工绘制水位流量关系曲线。通过实例介绍了利用三次样条插值进行绳套水位流量关系定线的方法,编写Maflab程序由计算机代替人工完成繁琐的手工作业,处理方法简单实用。误差分析表明,插值流量与人工推算流量的相对误差很小。