不同预处理方式对苹果片真空冻结特性的影响

为了解预处理对苹果真空冻结过程特性的影响,采用冻融、热烫、超声波与未预处理4种预处理措施,进行苹果片真空冻结试验,分析各组在失水率、温度、组织内水分状态以及细胞结构等方面的差异。结果表明:4组苹果片40 min真空冻结失水率分别为46.48、27.49、24.80和22.92%,冻融组失水率明显高于其他3组(p0.05),热烫组与未处理组也有显著性差异(p0.05),超声组与未处理组无显著差异(p0.05);苹果片真空冻结过程分为降压闪发段、冰晶生成段和深层冻结段3个阶段,4组冻结终温依次为-30.40℃、-27.42℃、-26.84℃与-26.50℃;冻融和热烫处理使苹果片LF-NMR自由水横向弛豫时间T23峰位向左明显偏移,组织内自由水束缚力增强;冻融和热烫预处理对真空冻结前、后的苹果片细胞组织结构形态的破坏影响程度均高于其他2组;4组物料真空冻结特性所表现出来的差异性主要是由于物料组织结构产生不同程度破坏影响所致。     

图像分割中改进空间约束贝叶斯网络模型的应用

针对马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法普遍存在的迭代收敛性问题,在具有空间平滑约束的高斯混合模型条件上提出改进空间约束贝叶斯网络模型并在图像分割领域进行具体应用。所提模型应用隐狄利克雷分布（LDA）概率密度模型和高斯-马尔可夫定理的随机域参数混合过程来实现参数平滑。所提方法根据空间信息先验平滑变换操作,在待处理像素点的上下文混合结构中引入LDA符合多项式分布,用来替换传统期望最大化算法中映射操作。LDA参数采用闭合形式将有利于准确估计最大后验概率（MAP）框架与上下文混合结构的相关比例。实验结果表明,应用PRI、VoI、GCE和BDE指标进行效果比较,该方法比联合系统工程组（JSEG）、当前变换矩阵（CTM）和最大后验概率-最大似然法（MM）方法的图像分割应用效果较好,高斯噪声对于该算法的鲁棒性影响较小。     

基于节点集计算能力差异的Hadoop自适应任务调度算法

针对异构集群任务推测式执行算法存在的任务进度比例固定、落后任务被动选取等问题,提出基于快慢节点集计算能力差异的自适应任务调度算法。该算法量化节点集计算能力差异实现分集调度,并通过节点与任务速率的动态反馈及时更新快慢节点集,提高节点集资源利用率与任务并行度。在两节点集中,利用动态调整任务进度比例判别落后任务,主动选择采用替代执行方式为落后任务执行备份任务的快节点,从而提升任务执行效率。与最长近似结束时间(LATE)算法的实验对比结果表明,该算法在短作业集、混合型作业集、出现节点性能下降的混合型作业集执行时间上比LATE算法分别缩短了5.21%、20.51%、23.86%,启用的备份任务数比LATE算法明显减少。所提算法可使任务主动适应节点差异,在减少备份任务的同时有效提高作业整体执行效率。     

Highly Active and Green Aminopropyl-Immobilized Phosphotungstic Acid on Mesoporous LaSBA-15 for Alkylation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis>-xylene with Styrene

Abstract  

The Keggin phosphotungstic acid, H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (HPW), was successfully immobilized on the surface of mesostructured LaSBA-15 by means of chemical bonding to aminosilane groups. The catalysts were characterized by elemental analysis, N₂ adsoption, TEM, DRS-UV, and FTIR spectroscopy. Characterization results suggest that the surface area decreased after grafting amino groups to silica and the structures of heteropolyanions on amine-modified LaSBA-15 was maintained. Their catalytic behaviors were investigated in the alkylation of o-xylene with styrene. Among the functionalized catalysts, when the content of amino-groups was suitable, it had the best catalytic performances in terms of yield and stability. It is worth mentioning that the catalysts could be used repeatedly without loss of the activity and selectivity during several catalytic cycles. The good stability can be attributed to the strong interaction between the amino groups on the surface of LaSBA-15 and HPW anions.     

用于重金属汞检测的样品前处理方法研究进展

汞是一种对人类和动植物具有相当大毒害的重金属元素。对近年来重金属汞检测的常规前处理方法的研究进展进行了总结,特别列举了近年来新兴的快速前处理方法,并着重展望了重金属汞的检测方向和趋势。对未来在食品及环境中重金属汞的快速前处理方法的建立有良好的借鉴作用。     

Propane Dehydrogenation on PtSnNa/AlSBA-15 Catalyst:Influence of Tin as a Promoter

PtSnNa/AlSBA-15 catalysts with different amounts of Sn were prepared for propane dehydrogenation.The catalysts were characterized by XRF,BET,H2 chemisorption,NH3-TPD,H2-TPR,and TPO techniques.Test results indicated that the presence of tin not only modified the acid function and the interfacial character between metal and support,but also reduced the coke deposition effectively.Among these catalysts investigated thereby,the PtSn(0.7%)Na/AlSBA-15 catalyst had the best catalytic performance in terms of propane conversion and stability.With the continuous addition of Sn,more amounts of Sn0 species appeared,which was unfavorable to the reaction.The PtSn(0.7%)Na/AlSBA-15 catalyst was parametrically characterized in order to obtain necessary information to integrate the process operating conditions.A weight hourly space velocity of 3 h-1,a reaction temperature of 610 ℃ and a H2/C3H8 molar ratio of 0.25 were found to be optimum conditions for achieving a higher dehydrogenation activity of the catalyst.     

Effect of dynamic high-pressure microfluidization on physicochemical,structural, and functional properties of oat protein isolate

Dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) technology was used to treat oat protein isolate (OPI) to improve its functional properties and broaden its application in food processing. Results showed that the particle size of OPI was significantly reduced by 70.96%, and the absolute zeta potential increased by 33.51% at a DHPM pressure of 120 MPa. The major subunits of OPI were not degraded, but the secondary structures of OPI were altered with increasing α-helix, β-sheet, and β-turn structures and decreasing random coil after DHPM treatment. In addition, the significant increase in the surface hydrophobicity and free sulfhydryl content, as well as fluorescence quenching of OPI indicated the conformational expansion and rearrangement of OPI. Additionally, the changes in OPI structures affected its functional performance. DHPM treatment at 120 MPa significantly improved the solubility, water and oil holding properties, and emulsifying and foaming abilities of OPI. Therefore, DHPM treatment can improve the functional properties of OPI, which provides a new idea for expanding the application of OPI in food processing.     

电导率法快速鉴别地沟油的方法研究

通过试验研究了采用电导法鉴别地沟油的方法,探讨了影响电导率测定的各因素。结果表明:正己烷加入量为25 mL,去离子水加入量为20 mL,25℃水浴恒温搅拌30 min,分离油、水相,测定水相电导率为最佳测定条件。不同油脂电导率测定对照试验表明,地沟油的电导率远远大于合格食用油,电导率可作为快速鉴别地沟油的一种方法。而折光率测定结果表明,不同油脂折光率数值相差不大。     

“零废弃”包装理论研究

对绿色包装 4R 原则进行了深入和细化,针对废弃型易耗包装的主流现状,强调 REUSE 是减少包装固体废弃物、资源充分利用的重要方法。 通过理论分析、比较和对现象的归纳研究法,提出了应注重从源头进行废弃物减量化设计,尽可能延长包装产品生命周期,多样化设计可重复使用的耐用“零废弃冶包装,并指出了其应用发展面临的问题、相关总体原则和具体设计思路。     

三维图像矩计算

计算三维图像的矩通常需要六重循环,难以满足实时处理的需要。受一维和二维图像矩的计算启发,提出了一种新的快速计算方法,利用矩阵相乘实现多重循环。用三维CT图像验证了算法的计算速度。