Behaviors of oxide film at the ultrasonic aided interaction interface of Zn–Al alloy and Al2O3p/6061Al composites in air

Ultrasonic aided interactions between Zn–Al alloy and Al₂O_3p/6061Al composites were investigated. Ultrasonic vibration imposed on the composite plate can cause high cavitation intensity in the liquid Zn–Al alloy which disrupts and flakes off surface oxides, thereby allowing the Zn–Al alloy to wet the bare composite surfaces and form a metallurgical bond. Whether the undermining phenomena occurred or not, the spreading of Zn–Al liquid over the composite did not occur until the ultrasonic vibration amplitude reached 10 μm. The Zn–Al liquid spread quickly over the composite despite that the surface oxide had not been fully disrupted when the ultrasonic vibration higher than 10 μm was applied. When undermining phenomena occurred during interaction, the oxide layer at the interaction interface was firstly lifted up by the undermining alloy, suspending in the Zn–Al liquid, and subsequently broke up by the ultrasonic excitation. Gas escaping from the base metal was observed to be helpful in decohesion of the oxide layer from the composite. When undermining phenomena did not occur during interaction, the removal of the oxide layer was based upon the melting of the nether base metal. The disruption of oxide initiated from the composite surface where the drop center located and the surface oxide layer near the drop edge was lastly removed.     

钢-混组合截面外包薄钢组合管梁抗弯性能研究

为了对不同夹层混凝土强度的钢-混组合截面外包薄钢组合管梁抗弯性能进行分析,通过试验和有限元软件模拟相结合的方法,选用外层为薄壁不锈钢管,内层为钢管,双壁管中间分别喷注混凝土强度等级为C20、C40、C60的三种试件,采用分级加载方式对试件进行加载,试验结果与有限元软件模拟的结果相吻合。研究结果表明:随着混凝土强度的提高,试件的抗弯承载力提高、延性增大,能发生较大的塑性变形以吸收能量。     

储罐声发射在线检测方法及其应用

储罐作为石化原料和产品存储的主要设备,在石化企业广泛使用。储罐的安全运行是确保企业正常生产的前提,如何快速有效地判断储罐的健康状况是目前研究的热点问题。自建一套模拟装置来研究声发射检测方法的可行性,实验结果表明,该方法具有很好的实用性。     

危险因素综合评价法对轻烃储罐区的风险评价

根据道化学公司的火灾爆炸危险指数评价及化工厂危险度分级评价方法,结合大庆油田天然气分公司轻烃储罐区的生产实际,介绍了危险因素综合评价法的评价流程和计算步骤,对轻烃储罐区进行风险定量评价,根据生产实际确定了单元的危险系数和安全措施补偿系数,最后得出各单元的安全评价结果,获得储罐区风险等级.实际应用表明,该方法能够有效地实现轻烃储罐区的风险评价.     

模糊评判法在水驱挖潜中的应用——以榆树林油田东18扶杨区块为例

以榆树林油田东18扶杨区块特低渗透油田为例,通过模糊评判法对水驱控制程度、储量动用程度、能量保持水平、剩余可采储量采油速度、年产油综合递减率、含水上升率和油水井利用率7个因素进行综合评判,评价水驱挖潜措施效果。实例分析结果表明:东18区块通过挖潜措施调整后的综合评价结果属于"较好",与实际情况相符。模糊评判法能够准确地确定特低渗透油田挖潜措施效果好坏,该方法简单精确,可以作为特低渗透油田挖潜措施效果的评价方法。     

基于交替迭代算法的油田电网无功补偿

为了提高整个油田电网的功率因数,从而降低电网的线损,改善用户电压质量和提高线路及变压器的输送能力,本文针对油田电网无功补偿对潮流计算的要求,采用交替迭代算法进行油田电网的潮流计算.采用分散补偿方式对负荷点进行无功补偿,使无功就地平衡,不在配电线路上流动;推导油田电网网损通式,计算出无功补偿设备的补偿容量.最后通过实例验证了本文方法的实用性和有效性.     

原油组分及乳化剂对乳状液黏度影响分析

在油井堵水技术中,活性原油堵水技术以其低成本、低伤害、有效期长等特点越来越受到人们的关注。但是在应用中发现,不同区块进行活性原油堵水调剖效果差异较大,有些区块措施效果明显,而另一些区块则效果很差,分析原因为不同区块原油组分中胶质、沥青质含量差异较大,而该物质会对活性原油乳化效果产生较大的影响。为了从根本上提高活性原油堵水技术水平,通过室内乳化实验和光谱实验分析了乳化剂结构和原油组分对油包水乳状液的影响因素。分析得出,乳化剂Span系列的亲油端碳碳单链长度越长,乳状液黏度越大;而双键的存在不利于形成乳状液,且形成的乳状液黏度低;胶质中的5个芳香环排列组成的成分有利于沥青质的溶解,同时5个芳香环的面性排列会增加乳状液的黏度。     

Evaluation of measurement uncertainty based on grey system theory for small samples from an unknown distribution

To evaluate measurement uncertainty for small sample size and measurement data from an unknown distribution, we propose a grey evaluation method of measurement uncertainty based on the grey relation coefficient. The uncertainty of measurement is analyzed using grey system theory, and the defects of the grey evaluation model of measurement uncertainty (GEMU) are studied. We then establish an improved grey evaluation model of measurement uncertainty (IGEMU). Simulations show that the precision of IGEMU is greater than that of GEMU, and that sample size has only a small effect on the precision of IGEVU. In particular, IGEMU is applied to evaluating measurement uncertainty for small sample size and measurement data from an unknown distribution. The measurement uncertainty of total profile deviation, which is measured by the CNC gear measuring center, can be evaluated by a combination of IGEMU and the Monte Carlo method.     

具有混沌机制的模糊神经网络非线性系统建模研究

针对常规的BP算法收敛速度慢及容易陷入局部极小的缺点,在该算法中引入具有混沌机制的非线性自反馈项,给出了混沌BP算法,并利用其训练和学习模糊神经网络中的权值,从而构成一种引入型模糊混沌神经网络;最后,用提出的引入型模糊混沌神经网络对非线性系统进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明,所设计的引入型模糊混沌神经具有与混沌动力学特性同样复杂的动态特性,其对非线性系统具有很好的建模能力.     

Inversion Methods of Optical Constants of Semitransparent Solid Materials from Transmittance Spectrograms

The direct calculation models of spectral transmittance of single and double slabs consisted of semitransparent solid materials were developed based on ray trace method, and a new inversion method of optical constants (k is extinction coefficient and n is refractive index) of materials was proposed based on transmittance spectrograms of double slabs. Differences between the new method and two others currently used methods were studied, and application range of methods was also investigated. Optical constants of selenide glass attained in references were selected as true values, and spectral transmittances of glass simulated based on direct calculation model were regarded as experimental values. Optical constants of selenide glass were achieved by inverse models. Influences of measurement error on inverse results were also determined. The results showed that: (1) based on transmittance spectrograms of double slabs in which thickness of single slab is the same, the new proposed method can attain optical constants of materials; (2) the effect of optical constants n and k on three inversion methods are urgent larger, but inversed calculation precision of optical constants are higher in most application ranges; (3) the influence of measurement errors existed in experimental datum on the inverse precision of three methods are urgent distinctness.