砂岩厚度和物性变化对油气成藏影响的模拟实验

在对东部滩海地区新近系油气成藏地质综合研究的基础上,利用二维模型进行了输导断层两侧砂岩厚度和物性的变化对其成藏影响的模拟实验。结果表明：①输导断层两侧的厚砂层最易成藏,即使在物性较差的情况下,也有可能含油;输导断层两侧的中等厚度砂层,若物性较好,为油层;若物性较差,距输导断层由近及远依次为油层、油水同层、水层;输导断层两侧的薄砂层,只有在物性最好的情况下,才可成为油层,否则为水层,砂岩厚度的变化对其成藏起着决定的作用,而物性的好坏则对其成藏有着重要的影响,它们之间存在着一定的互补关系;②与输导砂层和输导断层间接相连的砂层,其成藏不仅与其本身的厚度和物性有关,还取决于输导砂层的厚度和物性,只有与厚度大且物性好的输导砂层相连时,才有利于油的聚集,可成为油层;否则,不利于油的聚集,为油水同层或水层。输导砂层的厚度和物性变化是影响砂岩内部成藏的关键。     

我国东部复杂断块区三维地震反演与储集层预测

由于地质条件和资料品质的限制，复杂断块区的三维地震资料反演和储集层预测有较大的难度。给出了我国东部某复杂断块区三维地震反演和储集层预测的技术实例，总结了反演工作经验。详细阐述了实现的策略和技术方案，包括数据的分析与处理（如地震极性的判断、测井曲线规则化和敏感性分析等）、子波提取、拟声波测井曲线的重构、约束波阻抗反演、速度场建立、地质统计随机模拟等，展示了多学科一体化工作的过程。研究结果为该区块的井位部署提供重要依据，对类似地区的地震反演和储集层预测也有重要的借鉴意义。     

多分量波场的矢量法叠前深度偏移技术

本文研究了二维各向同性介质中两分量记录的矢量法叠前深度偏移方法———叠前逆时深度偏移方法。首先从弹性波波动方程出发,在交错网格空间中推导了各向同性介质中弹性波逆时延拓的高阶有限差分格式;然后从程函方程出发,采用逆时差分格式求解地下各点的地震波走时。为确保算法满足地震波传播的因果性条件及其对复杂模型的适应性,用扩展波阵面算法追踪波前并搜索全局极小,以上述方法的计算结果作为弹性波逆时偏移的成像条件,实现二维多分量资料的叠前逆时深度偏移。模型试算和实际单炮记录试验表明,叠前逆时深度偏移方法考虑了地震波的矢量特征,是一种有效的矢量波场处理技术。     

微脉冲激光雷达测量大气水平能见度

为了改进乃至革新大气能见度的探测技术,探索新型、快速、准确测量大气能见度的方法,采用自行研制的能见度微脉冲激光雷达,进行了水平大气能见度测量实验,并同已经商品化的能见度仪NQ-1进行了同步对比测量。实验结果表明,在水平能见度较差时,微脉冲激光雷达和能见度仪具有很高的相关性,相关系数达到了0.88;在水平能见度较好的时候,相关系数保持在0.73以上。说明能见度微脉冲激光雷达系统可以应用于大气能见度的探测。     

羧酸系列集油剂的水面集油性能

研究了十二烷酸、十四烷酸、十六烷酸和十八烷酸在淡水中的集油能力。结果表明，这4种羧酸在淡水表面的表面膜压随其分子中碳数的增加而增大。其中后两者的表面膜压高达45～50mN／m，显著高于各类油膜膜压，满足集油剂对表面活性物质膜压的要求。4种脂肪羧酸在淡水中使柴油油膜的收缩率在1min时达到最大值，分别为80．0％、81．8％、83．8％和88．2％。它们的己醇、正庚醇、正辛醇、仲辛醇溶液的集油持续性，总体上随羧酸分子碳数增加而增大。其中十六烷酸和十八烷酸集油能力非常接近，它们的正庚醇、正辛醇和仲辛醇溶液使柴油膜面积收缩率在120h后仍保持在66．0％～70．2％。该类集油剂毒性低，易为生物降解，有实际应用前景。     

激光器重复频率对多普勒激光雷达信噪比影响的模拟研究

多普勒激光雷达在风场测量和数值天气预报等方面有重要意义,而信噪比则是衡量系统测量精度的重要参数.以2007年中国海洋大学研制的我国第一台车载多普勒测风激光雷达系统为参考,模拟了在相同平均功率下,使用4种重复频率不同的激光器的激光雷达系统测量海面风场中的信噪比,并与汕尾测量的海面风场数据进行了对比,模拟数据和实测数据能够较好吻合,模拟结果证明使用低重复频率激光器的激光雷达系统能够获得较高的信噪比.而根据多普勒激光雷达业务测量要求,要求比较高的激光重复频率,通过模拟研究,建议选择激光器激光重复频率500～1000 Hz.     

基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术对开放式长光程大气CO2的测量

CO2是地球大气中第三大含量的痕量气体,对温室效应影响最大,主要来源于人类的日常活动,测量大气CO2浓度对了解地区CO2的周期性变化与气候变化的内在规律有重要意义。基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, TDLAS）技术,系统选择CO2在2004 nm附近的吸收线,采用直接吸收光谱处理方法,对开放式长光程大气下的CO2进行了连续测量。通过与手持CO2测量仪的对比测量,二者的相关系数达到0.8371,二者的标准偏差为7.204 ppm,测量结果的变化趋势符合较好,证明了实验系统的可行性,为国内激光遥测CO2提供了一种重要的思路与方法。     

Calmodulin and Its Interactive Proteins Participate in Regulating the Explosive Growth of Alexandrium pacificum (Dinoflagellate)

Alexandrium pacificum is a typical dinoflagellate that can cause harmful algal blooms, resulting in negative impacts on ecology and human health. The calcium (Ca²⁺) signal transduction pathway plays an important role in cell proliferation. Calmodulin (CaM) and CaM-related proteins are the main cellular Ca²⁺ sensors, and can act as an intermediate in the Ca²⁺ signal transduction pathway. In this study, the proteins that interacted with CaM of A. pacificum were screened by two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis and far western blots under different growth conditions including lag phase and high phosphorus and manganese induced log phase (HPM). The interactive proteins were then identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Four proteins were identified, including Ca²⁺/CaM-dependent protein kinase, serine/threonine kinase, annexin, and inositol-3-phosphate synthase, which all showed high expression levels under HPM. The gene expression levels encoding these four proteins were also up-regulated under HPM, as revealed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, suggesting that the identified proteins participate in the Ca²⁺ transport channel and cell cycle regulation to promote cell division. A network of proteins interacting with CaM and their target proteins involved in the regulation of cell proliferation was raised, which provided new insights into the mechanisms behind the explosive growth of A. pacificum.     

Three-dimensional statistical modelling of a fractured rock mass—an example from the Fanay-Augères mine

This paper describes a new technique for stochastic modelling of 3-D fracture networks. We use geostatistical simulation methods to reproduce features of the spatial structure of the rock, such as the variation of fracture density and fracture orientation in space. For an example of the method, we use mapped fracture data from the Fanay-Augères mine, in Limousin, France. Two different sections of a drift wall, S1 and S2, were mapped. The S1 section is wet, and the S2 section is dry. For each case, the fractures are divided into five different sets and each set is modelled separately. The fractures in each set are represented as discs placed randomly in space. The diameter of each disc is chosen independently from a fixed probability distribution determined from the trace length distribution. A point process, called the parent-daughter process, is used for locating discs. This process gives a clumping or swarming of fractures not found in the usual Poisson model.The orientation of the discs is characterized as a fluctuation about the mean orientation for the set. This fluctuation has a spatial structure that is simulated with geostatistics. Geostatistical simulations of the two fracture systems are made in a 68 m cube which contains over 5 million fractures. The connectivities of the simulations are assessed to see if there is any correlation with the hydrologic observations. The connectivity of S1 appears to be larger than the connectivity of S2. The S1 simulation has a smaller overall density of fractures but a larger density of big fractures. These larger fractures result in more connectivity which is consistent with the field observation that the S1 section of drift is wet and the S2 section is dry. The reason for this difference is apparently related to the presence of a fault in the rock surrounding S1, thus indicating the need to understand the role of faults or fracture zones in characterizing the hydrology of fractured rock.