非银汞试剂密闭消解-电位滴定检测废水中COD

建立了非银汞复合试剂+硫磷混酸+重铬酸钾+大体积密封瓶消解样品,进行电位滴定批量测定COD的方法。自制了消解/滴定一体瓶与相应的消解器,非银汞复合试剂加量0.5 g(由硫酸锰/硫酸铜/硫酸铝钾/硫酸铬钾(质量比)=3∶2∶1∶1),0.1 mol/L K₂Cr₂O₇加量10 mL,体积比为3∶1的硫磷混酸15 mL,水样加量10 mL,(160±5)℃温度下密封消解20 min,消解液直接由黄金电极电位滴定。实验结果表明:50 mg/L水平的实际样品COD,RSD≤4.78%,与HJ 828—2017的结果相对误差≤5.80%,应用于石化废水和其他水质分析,效果满意。     

液压支架新国标与现行行标的差异性分析

介绍了新国标GB25974.1的特点,即更加强调液压支架的安全措施和安全性能。通过与旧标准MT312对比分析可知,二者差异性主要体现在:增加了循环复合加载项目对支架进行综合性能测试,为原来次数的2～3倍;增加了让缩性能试验项目,着重考核液压支架承受顶板下沉的能力;增加了水平加载和多项集中载荷试验项目等强度试验项目。这些变化和改进对液压支架的结构强度、耐久性能和安全性能等方面提出了更高要求。新标准基本上与国际标准接轨,该标准的颁布使我国的液压支架标准体系更加完善,对于提高我国液压支架的设计、制造和试验水平将发挥重要作用。     

Synergetic effects of high-pressure carbon dioxide and nisin on the inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Synergetic effects of high-pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) and nisin on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. Changes in morphology, interior structure, and membrane permeability were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. Synergetic effects were found, especially in S. aureus. HPCD alone or with nisin led to morphological and intracellular alterations in both bacteria, but nisin alone led to these damages only in S. aureus. A positive correlation between membrane damage and inactivation was found, but ratios of inactivation were higher, probably because of viable but non-culturable state. Mechanisms were proposed for synergism: for E. coli, outer membrane was damaged first by HPCD, and then HPCD and nisin jointly acted on and destroyed the cytoplasmic membrane, leading to further intracellular damage by HPCD; for S. aureus, HPCD and nisin acted on the cytoplasmic membrane together leading to cell death.Industrial RelevanceEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are two common microorganisms, which exist widely in the environment and easily contaminate food such as vegetables and dairy products, respectively. Considering heat treatment may destroy some heat-sensitive quality of the products, this study evaluated synergetic effects of high-pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) combined with the bacteriocin nisin. The investigations provided evidence for potentially combined application of HPCD and nisin to help keep food safe in the industry.     

Pulse-modulation eddy current probes for imaging of external corrosion in nonmagnetic pipes

Since the nonmagnetic pipe is normally utilized in corrosive and hostile environment, it is prone to the external corrosion which occurs on the outer surface of the pipe and severely undermines the structural integrity and safety. Although Pulsed Eddy Current technique (PEC) is currently preferred for detection and evaluation of subsurface defects in tubular conductors, it is subject to technical drawbacks. In light of this, Pulse-modulation Eddy Current technique (PMEC) is intensively investigated in the paper for enhancement of the evaluation sensitivity to external corrosion and accuracy of corrosion imaging. Closed-form expressions of the PMEC response and its sensitivity to external corrosion in tubular conductors are formulated via the Extended Truncated Region Eigenfunction Expansion (ETREE) modeling. Following simulations for analysis and comparison of field signals and evaluation sensitivities of PMEC and PEC, experiments of PMEC for evaluation and imaging of external corrosion are carried out. Through theoretical and experimental investigation, it has been found that regarding the evaluation and imaging of external corrosion in nonmagnetic pipes, the PMEC-based probe have higher sensitivity and imaging accuracy than that based on PEC. The superiority of PMEC to PEC in inspection of tubular conductors is further identified.     

Hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of water-soluble polysaccharidic extract of Pleurotus eryngii

The potential biological functions of Pleurotus eryngii have long been described in Chinese traditional medicine. However, little is known about the bioactive components of P. eryngii and their functions in liver injury and high-fat induced animal models. The present study thoroughly investigated the comprehensive functions of water-soluble polysaccharidic extract of P. eryngii (PEPE) using in vivo mouse models and in vitro biochemistry tests. PEPE could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes and effectively remove the free radicals in a liver-injury mouse model. Furthermore, in a high-fat-load mouse model, PEPE not only remarkably decreased the lipid levels of total cholesterol, total triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but also resulted in an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Histopathological observations indicated that PEPE could effectively prevent excessive lipid formation in liver tissue. Our data suggest that PEPE can be used as a valuable functional food additive for hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective treatments.     

Effects of temperature,pH and light on the stability of aloin A and characterisation of its major degradation products

This study explored the stability and degradation products of aloin A under varying pH, temperature and light conditions usually encountered in processing. The stability of aloin A was significantly affected by temperature and pH. The content of aloin A decreased by more than 90% within 12 h at 50 °C and within 6 h at 70 °C, respectively. A significant decrease in stability was also observed at higher pHs. At pH 8.0, less than 2% of aloin A remained within 12 h. However, aloin A exhibited good stability at acidic pH levels with 94% remaining at pH 2.0 for 14 days. Light exerted no influence on the stability during the experimental period (14 days). Aloe‐emodin, elgonica‐dimers A and B were characterised as major degradation products of aloin A at pH 5.0 or below, and elgonica‐dimers were mainly formed at 4 °C as well. 10‐hydroxyaloins A and B were found under any condition except at pH 2.0 and 3.0, and they were mainly formed under high temperature, neutral‐basic and any light conditions.     

烟煤胶质层指数测定影响因素探讨

为提高烟煤胶质层指数测定的准确度,结合其测定原理及方法对试验煤样、仪器设备和操作过程中涉及的影响因素进行分析,从试验煤样、煤杯和探针、硅碳棒和炉砖、控温系统和热电偶、炭黑干扰的处理、不同曲线类型的测定要求、曲线绘制等方面提出了相应的注意事项及处理建议,以确保减少实验室间的数据偏差并得到准确可靠的分析结果。     

Milk fat globule size,phospholipid contents and composition of milk from purebred and Alpine-crossbred Mid-Eastern goats under confinement or grazing condition

Milk fat globule (MFG) size and phospholipids (PL) content and composition were determined in milk collected at 65 (pretreatment), 110, 135 and 170 days of lactation from goats randomly assigned to grazing in Mediterranean brushland or fed clover hay indoors, in addition to concentrate. Daily feed intake and dietary contents of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were higher in grazing goats, associated with milk richer in fat, with larger MFGs and 20% higher PL content. Smaller MFGs, produced by all confinement groups, was associated with 15 μg g⁻¹ fat higher milk PL content. The greatest effect was found in the Damascus goats, with over 44% higher PL concentration, on milk fat basis, in the confined compared with grazing group. Our understanding of how PL content is modulated by the interaction between genetic background and nutrition will enable to achieve either PL-rich milk or PL-enriched milk fat.     

混凝土路面道路工程鉴定检测技术

探讨了混凝土路面道路工程鉴定检测内容和方法,为工程验收提供依据。     

Detoxification of zearalenone by Lactobacillus pentosus strains

Zearalenone (ZEA) contamination in food samples plays a critical role in food safety, since it causes serious health problems. Usage of microorganisms, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is a promising new approach for detoxification. Eight Lactobacillus pentosus strains were evaluated for their ability to remove ZEA from a sodium acetate buffer solution with initial ZEA concentrations of 5.51–74.70 μg/mL. The adsorption capacity increased with increasing ZEA concentrations. The strain JM0812 showed the highest adsorption capability, at 83.17%, in solution containing 74.70 μg/mL ZEA, followed by UM054 (82.78%) and UM055 (81.69%), respectively. Three adsorption isotherms were applied to predict the removal efficiency of ZEA and the Freundlich isotherm appeared to have the best-fit for ZEA sorption onto bacterial cells. Our results indicate that Lb. pentosus strains are novel promising strains to reduce mycotoxin contamination in food products.