Addressing universal access in social networks: an inclusive search mechanism

Social network services (SNSs) have brought new possibilities and challenges to the design of software environments that respect people’s cultural differences. These systems may represent an opportunity for social and digital inclusion. However, search mechanisms in these systems impose serious barriers for people in the process of acquiring digital literacy. One of the barriers is the difficulty of using the adequate terms/keywords to perform content searches. This paper presents an approach to allow ordinary, non-technology proficient people to access the content of a network through the use of search parameters that make sense to them. The proposal is grounded on Semantic Web technologies (Web ontology) combined with Organizational Semiotics concepts and methods to identify the users’ profile and language. A case study was conducted with the search mechanism integrated into a SNS, and a preliminary evaluation reveals the advantages and drawbacks of the approach.     

新试剂1-(2-苯并噻唑)-3-(2,4-二羟基苯)-三氮烯的合成及应用研究

报道了新显色剂1-(2-苯并噻唑)-3-(2,4-二羟基苯)-三氮烯(BTDHBT)的合成及其与Cu(Ⅱ)的显色反应。研究了试剂与Cu(Ⅱ)的显色反应条件,建立了一个测定铜的光度分析新方法。在最佳实验条件下,反应在室温下放置10 m in的工作曲线的线性范围为0.1～2.5μg/mL,回归方程为A=0.0644+0.074C(μg/L),相关系数r=0.9978,表观摩尔系数ε为30.7 m3/(mol.cm)。对2 mg/L Cu(Ⅱ)测定的相对标准偏差为1.16%(n=11),将方法用于铝合金样品中铜的测定,结果满意。     

Electrochemical insertion of lithium into a doped diamond film grown on carbon felt substrates

This paper summarizes the preliminary results obtained from lithium electrochemical intercalation into boron-doped diamond films grown on carbon felt (BDD/CF electrode). BDD films have been grown by Hot Filaments Chemical Vapor Deposition (HFCVD) and have been characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Raman Scattering spectroscopy. BDD/CF composite electrodes, which contain a diamond layer, lead to higher conductivity and smaller grain sizes. In turn, they are richer in boundary or sp² sites, and present a reversible specific capacity that is much larger than that of the substrate alone, indicating that the diamond layer effectively participates in lithium storage. Diamond layers displaying boron doping levels of 10¹⁹ and 10²¹ part cm^− 3 provide a specific capacity of 160 and 370 mA h g^− 1, respectively, which is associated with lithium storage.     

Pattern-induced multi-sequence alignment (PUMA) algorithm employing secondary structure-dependent gap penalties for use in comparative protein modelling

A multiple sequence alignment algorithm is described that usesa dynamic programming-based pattern construction method to aligna set of homologous sequences based on their common patternof conserved sequence elements. This pattern-induced multi-sequencealignment (PUMA) algorithm can employ secondary-structure dependentgap penalties for use in comparative modelling of new sequenceswhen the three-dimensional structure of one or more membersof the same family is known. We show that the use of secondarystructure information can significantly improve the accuracyof aligning structure boundaries in a set of homologous sequenceseven when the structure of only one member of the family isknown     

Application of ultrafiltration hybrid membrane processes for reuse of secondary effluent

This study evaluates the factors affecting pretreatment conditions for hybrid UF membrane processes for reuse of secondary effluent from the sewage treatment plant. The experimental results obtained from the ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process showed that the particles of the size range between 0.2 and 1.2 μm caused a significant impact on membrane fouling in all cases even with or without the coagulation process. As pretreatment of UF membrane process, the coagulation significantly improved the permeate flux. Optimal flux improvement was seen at an alum dose of 50 mg/L. In addition, it was found that the permeate flux was least declined under the coagulation condition of charge neutralization (pH 5.0). Also, the powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption enhanced the permeate flux. Application of the direct filtration as a pretreatment of UF membrane process was also very effective in reducing the UF membrane fouling.     

Synthesis,structure, and adsorption properties of a three-dimensional porous yttrium–organic coordination network

Deprotonation of 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H₂BPDC) with triethylamine followed by the copolymerization with Y(III) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature yields a new three-dimensional (3-D) porous metal–organic coordination network, [Y₂(BPDC)₃(DMF)₂(H₂O)₂]_n · (DMF)_n · (H₂O)_n (1). Compound 1 (C_24.50H₁₉N_1.50O₉Y) crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group (a = 8.220 (2), b = 13.998 (4), c = 14.212 (4) Å, α = 111.058 (5)°, β = 90.187 (5)°, γ = 94.318 (5)°, V = 1520.9 (7) ų, and Z = 2). X-ray crystallography reveals that 1 consists of a 3-D framework contained open 1-D channels with the dimension of 5 × 10 Å along the crystallographic a axis. The adsorption measurements show that compound 1 can adsorb N₂, Ar and CO₂ into its pores. The adsorption isotherms for MeOH and H₂O were also measured.     

Construction of two-dimensional supramolecular structure containing water tetramer and octamer

The complex [Cd₂(phen)₄(p-phth)(H₂O)₂](p-phth) · 10H₂O (1) has been synthesized by the reaction Cd(NO₃)₂ with phen and p-phth (where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, p-phth = p-phthalic acid) in a solution of ethanol and distilled water. The crystal structure was characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and infrared spectrum. In 1, a novel 2D supramolecular structure was formed, containing water octamer and tetramer.     

Enantiomeric Composition of Monoterpene Hydrocarbons in Some Conifers and Receptor Neuron Discrimination of α-Pinene and Limonene Enantiomers in the Pine Weevil, Hylobius abietis

The enantiomeric composition of seven monoterpene hydrocarbons in headspace volatiles of spruce sawdust and seedlings (Picea abies), pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris), and branches of juniper (Juniperus communis) was determined by gas chromatographic separation on a -Cyclodextrin column. For the six monoterpenes, -pinene, camphene, -pinene, sabinene, limonene, and -phellandrene, both enantiomers were present, whereas for 3-carene only the (+)-configuration was found. The amount of each enantiomer varied considerably both in relation to total amount of all of them, and for the six pairs also in relation to the opposite enantiomer. One olfactory receptor neuron in the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) showed a strong response to -pinene when stimulated with all four headspace materials via a GC equipped with a DB-WAX column. The same neuron was subsequently tested with repeated stimulations via the GC effluent containing the (+)- or (–)-enantiomer. A marked better response to (+)- than to (–)--pinene was elicited. Another olfactory receptor neuron that responded strongly to limonene when stimulated with the spruce volatiles was tested for enantiomers of limonene. This neuron responded more strongly to (–)- than to (+)-limonene, when stimulated alternately with each of the limonene enantiomers. Discrimination between enantiomers by plant olfactory receptor neurons suggests that the enantiomeric ratios of volatile compounds may be important in host location by the pine weevil.     

Two-step flotation recovery of iron concentrate from Donganshan carbonaceous iron ore

The flotation of pure and natural carbonaceous iron ore samples in the oleate flotation system was investigated. Starch can depress hematite effectively in a wide pH range, but cannot depress siderite efficiently in neutral conditions. The flotation recovery of pure hematite, siderite, and quartz in the oleate-starch-CaCl₂ system is significantly different when the slurry pH varies from 4 to 12. A novel two-step flotation process was developed for the separation of iron concentrate from Donganshan carbonaceous iron ore through which the siderite concentrate is first recovered and the high quality hematite concentrates with relative high iron recovery can be obtained in the second step flotation. The siderite concentrate may be utilized directly or undergo further concentration steps to increase iron grade.     

Relationship between the microstructure and reaction performance of aluminosilicate

A systematic study was conducted to comprehend the mechanism of thermal activation of silica-alumina materials by using 29 Si and 27 Al magnetic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy.The reaction performance of silica-alumina-based materials with different molar ratios of Si/Al,which were thermally activated,was also investigated.With the increase in calcining temperature,the coordination of Al in metakaolin becomes four,five,and six firstly,and then transforms completely to four ...