基于形态仿生的轿车升阻特性的数值模拟

受鱼类利用中央鳍/对鳍对流体介质产生扰动来增加运动稳定性的启发,本文在轿车尾部增加功能类似中央鳍/对鳍的扰流板,称之为方案一;针对其阻力增加,在方案一的基础上,在车后窗及汽车后备箱表面添加棱纹形态仿生功能表面,称之为方案二。利用数值模拟方法,对上述两种方案及原车模型在高速行驶状况下进行仿真分析,结果表明:方案一升力系数由原车的-0.06455降为-0.1516,后轮附着力增加,提高了轿车的操纵稳定性;方案二较好地梳理了尾部气流,延迟了气流的分离,与方案一比较,减阻率达到4.938%。     

电涡流缓速器结构参数的节能优化设计

分析了电涡流缓速器的节能特性,提出了两个适用于电涡流缓速器的节能评价指标:制动增益系数和单位质量能量密度。以此评价指标为目标函数,建立了电涡流缓速器结构参数的节能优化设计数学模型。运用遗传算法寻求设计变量的全局最优解。获得的最优解表明:基于节能设计的优化结果优于以最大制动力矩为目标函数的优化结果,对电涡流缓速器的结构设计有一定的指导意义。     

Reaction behaviors and specific exposed crystal planes manipulation mechanism of TiC nanoparticles

Titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles with well-designed exposed crystal planes perform intriguing prospects for functional and engineering applications. In this study, a simple and controllable in situ synthesis strategy was proposed for the synthesis of TiC nanoparticles with specific morphology. Reaction behaviors suggested that most of TiC nanoparticles were formed by an instantaneous reaction between Al₃Ti and Al₄C₃ in the Al-rich melt and the resultant morphology was controlled by the discrepant growing rates of (100) and (111) crystal planes. In addition, a growth morphology control model was presented for the prediction and manipulation of the morphology of TiC nanoparticles by the doping of different alloying elements Me (Me = Cu, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Si). According to the morphological observations and density functional theory analyses including the interface energy, charge density differences, and orbital hybridization: Cu, Mg, and Zn atoms could stabilize the Al/TiC(111) interface, whereas Mn and Si atoms promoted the rapid growing and disappearance of the TiC(111) planes in the Al melt. This work provides a feasible way to intelligently design and manipulate TiC nanoparticles with desirable exposed crystal planes, and exhibits a promising prospect for personalized applications.     

定子无磁轭模块化轴向磁通永磁电机研究进展综述

定子无磁轭模块化(yokeless and segmented armature,YASA)轴向磁通永磁电机具有功率密度和转矩密度高、效率高、轴向结构紧凑、易于维修的优点,在电动汽车、风力发电等领域有广阔的应用前景,已有大量文献对YASA电机进行分析研究。该文基于国内外对YASA电机已开展的研究工作,介绍该类电机的典型拓扑结构,并从电机电磁特性计算方法与性能优化、损耗分析与抑制技术、温升与散热研究、齿槽转矩削弱技术、结构强度校核与制造偏差分析,以及定子铁心材料选取等方面进行综述,并对该类电机当前的应用情况进行整理。最后,基于YASA电机的研究现状,对未来研究的发展趋势进行展望。     

HEAT TREATMENT STRENGTHENING EFFECTS OF RARE EARTHS ON Mg—9Al ALLOY

Mg-9Al-xRE magnesium alloys were studied, where, x is 0, 0.4. 0.8. 1.2 and 1.6% (in weight percent, wt%), respectively. Influence of rare earths (RE) on microstructure and strength in both T4 (solute heat treatment) and T6 (solute heat treatment and artificial ageing treatment) were investigated. Strength of specimen was tested at ambient temperature. The micro structure was analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. RE additions improved T4 tensile strength of the treated alloys. Small addition (0.4wt%) of RE greatly improved the strength of ageing treated (T6) Mg-9Al alloy, but further additions caused decreasing.     

基于VC++环境下求一面两孔的定位精度

文章介绍了一面两孔的定位方式,提出了其用定位精度的计算方法,并在VC环境下编制程序以实现其定位精度的自动求解。经过实例的测试,结果表明该软件的算法是正确。     

熔剂熔炼AM60B镁合金中的夹杂物

采用扫描电镜及能谱对AM60B镁合金中夹杂物进行了研究,并就AM60B镁合金铸件中夹杂物的形成原因以及它们对镁合金铸件质量的影响进行了分析。通过大量试验,得到在镁合金中存在的夹杂主要有氧化物夹杂、熔剂夹杂、外来夹杂等几种,其中最主要的是氧化物夹杂。通过适当工艺可以去除大部分夹杂物。     

防松螺旋副动态对孔插销方法的研究

文章基于现场调研的基础上，对目前我国现有汽车部件装配中使用拧紧机拧紧的螺旋副联接的对孔插销问题作了仔细研究．对其结构状态、工作原理、装配工艺、装配设备、装配过程进行了现场观察与分析．通过分析螺旋副对孔插销的动态全过程，了解了对孔过程的角度变化结果及其规律；同时论文还进一步在理论上解释了实际装配中达到合格扭矩但却无法对孔而不得不更换螺帽这种情况的原因；在此基础上提出了一种新的对孔方法一编码器对孔法来解决问题。最后该文以结论的方式提出了螺旋副对孔插销结构的建议，改进工艺，在扭矩要求较严的场合尽量不用插销法。     

陶瓷型精密铸造模具表面脱碳的解决措施

详细介绍了一种根治陶瓷型铸件表面脱碳的方法并分析其原理。浇注前通入丙烷气体占据整个型腔空间,赶走空气,使氧气压力降到极点,浇注后继续通入气体,盖上钢罩,彻底隔绝外界空气的侵入并减小罩内压力,从而达到根治陶瓷精铸钢件表面脱碳现象的目的。     

拉深筋对板厚减薄量的影响

利用数值模拟的方法,着重研究了板料通过半圆形拉深筋和矩形拉深筋时板厚的变化规律和特点,分析了板料通过拉深筋时影响板厚减薄的主要因素,为探索板料通过拉深筋后的后续可成形性提供理论基础。研究结果表明,板料通过拉深筋时的弯曲变形是导致板厚减薄的根本原因,同时减薄量还受到板内张力及变形程度的影响。并指出累积等效应变不适于用来评价板料通过拉深筋后的变形程度。