基于BP神经网络的处理器节能技术研究

研究芯片功耗中动态功耗部分,针对传统动态节能技术动态电压与频率调节（dynamic voltage and frequency scaling,DVFS）技术未能考虑预测CPU未来阶段行为的不足,提出BP-DVFS节能策略。为了提高下一阶段CPU利用率的预测准确性,更准确地对CPU进行动态调频进而降低其运行功耗。构建了一种FPU-CPU（forward predict utilization CPU）模型。模型假设下一时间段CPU利用率与CPU运行资源有关的事件特征量存在非线性函数关系,从处理器运行时环境出发提取出与CPU资源紧密相关的5个特征量进行度量,采用BP神经网络进行拟合训练。用训练后得到的神经网络预测CPU下一阶段的利用率,进行CPU处理不同类型任务程序的功耗仿真实验。并在相同实验条件下与常用的3种CPU调频策略实验结果进行对比。实验结果表明,在CPU处理不同类型任务程序时,采用BP-DVFS策略进行调频的CPU功耗都低于其他3种策略进行调频的CPU功耗。通过实验验证,本文提出的方法提高了预测CPU利用率的准确度,降低了CPU运行时功耗。同时验证了假设的合理性与有效性以及此方法实现CPU低功耗运行是有效的。     

CFD和电容层析成像对旋风筒浓缩特性的对比研究

运用CFD对无排气管旋风筒分离特性进行了计算,并采用ECT(electrical capacitance tomography)测量了管道截面上固体颗粒的质量浓度分布。两种方法所得结果显示了较好的一致性。这两种方法的结合,为分离器的进一步深入研究提供了有效的方法。     

用CCII回转器设计梯形结构电流模式滤波器

该文提出一种设计高阶CCⅡ(第二代电流传输器)电流模式滤波器的新方法,即用CCⅡ回转器综合电流模式无源梯形网络的输入导纳,从而设计出高阶电流模式CCⅡ滤波器。用该方法设计出的电路与其它同类电路比较,电路结构简单、所使用的CCⅡ数目少。文中对CCⅡ的非理想特性进行了分析,提出了对CCⅡ的非理想特性进行补偿的方案。文中给出了六阶巴特沃斯滤波器的设计举例及补偿前和补偿后的计算机PSPICE仿真结果。     

Experimental study of discharge coefficient for trapezoidal piano key weirs

Piano Key Weirs (PKW) have been invented in the last decade to increase discharge capacity of hydraulic structures. Despite extensive studies on this type of weir with a rectangular plan form (RPKW), there are only a few pieces of research addressing trapezoidal piano key weirs (TPKW). In this experimental study, geometrical parameters of TPKW models were varied under different flow conditions and effects on discharge coefficient (C_d) were investigated. The C_d values were found to be mostly influenced by L/W whereas W_i/W_o had the least effect. Results also showed that TPKW has higher discharge efficiency in comparison with RPKW. This was believed to be related to formation of an “interference wedge” over the TPKW. Finally, quantitative values for distinguishing three flow regimes (i.e. nappe, transition and submergence) as well as criteria for design of TPKW are proposed.     

A Novel Fault Location Algorithm for Double-Circuit Transmission Lines based on Distributed Parameter

1 IntroductionWith the development of the power system,thedouble circuit transmission lines have been widely used.The increased complexities of power transmission systemmake the transmission line fault location studies morecomplicated and important.The fault location for thesemore complex lines has raised great attentions.Differentfault location algorithms can be developed depending onthe extracted data from one or both ends of thetransmission lines.The method using one end data isaffected by…     

基于改进YOLOv4-Tiny的矿井电机车多目标实时检测

为解决煤矿巷道环境恶劣以及人工疲劳驾驶电机车导致煤矿井下有轨电机车事故频发的问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv4-Tiny算法的YOLOv4-Tiny-4S矿井电机车多目标实时检测方法。首先,为了提高网络模型对于小目标的检测能力,将传统YOLOv4-Tiny的两尺度预测增加至四尺度预测,并且在网络模型的颈部引入空间金字塔池化（SPP）模块,以丰富特征融合信息,增大网络模型的感受野;其次,以煤矿巷道中的行人、电机车、信号灯以及碎石作为检测目标,创建矿井电机车多目标检测数据集,并分别采用K-means和K-means++聚类分析算法对数据集重新聚类,通过对比分析验证了K-means++算法具有更好的聚类效果;最后,通过对传统YOLOv4-Tiny算法的消融实验,进一步直观了不同改进措施对网络模型检测性能的影响,并在电机车运行的煤矿巷道场景中,对比分析了YOLOv4-Tiny-4S算法与其他几种算法的检测性能。实验结果表明：YOLOv4-Tiny-4S算法能够准确检测并识别出图像中的各类目标,其平均检测精度（mAP）为95.35%,对小目标“碎石”的平均检测精度（AP）为86.69%,相比传统YOLOv4-Tiny算法分别提高了12.38和41.66个百分点;改进后算法的平均检测速度达58.7帧/秒（FPS）,模型内存仅为26.3Mb,YOLOv4-Tiny-4S算法的检测性能优于其他算法。本文提出的基于YOLOv4-Tiny-4S矿井电机车多目标实时检测方法可为实现矿井电机车的无人驾驶提供技术支撑。     

三通球阀式高速开关阀稳态液动力分析与结构改进

对于微小型高速开关阀,大流量和高频响都会增大阀芯所受的液动力进而影响其运动状态,因此,对液动力进行分析与补偿是提升高速开关阀性能的关键因素之一。为了解决球阀式高速开关阀在高频启闭状态下流场结构复杂导致传统的稳态液动力理论计算公式已不适用的问题,基于CFD数值计算方法对液动力进行研究。首先,利用COMSOL软件建立阀内流场流体域的几何模型;随后,选用弱可压缩流体、标准k-ε湍流模型并运用动网格技术,得到流体域的压力和流线分布图、流量曲线以及不同阀口开度下阀球和阀芯的稳态液动力变化曲线;最后,为了补偿阀口启闭过程中所减小的稳态液动力,根据不同的阀口结构参数与阀芯受力及阀口启闭时间之间的变化关系,对阀口结构进行优化并确定最优参数。结果表明：进油孔阀球所受的稳态液动力会随着阀口的开启产生先减小后增大的现象,但由于进油孔阀球的稳态液动力相比于回油孔阀球较小,故阀芯上的稳态液动力变化与回油孔阀球上的稳态液动力变化近似;适当减小阀球推杆直径及将靠近阀口的流道改成渐扩型流道能够有效地补偿启闭过程中所减小的稳态液动力,改进后的最优结构相较于原结构的一个周期启闭时间从1.047 ms下降到0.714 ms,稳态液动力补偿效果明显。     

Effect of sintering atmospheres on the microstructure and dielectric properties of Yb/Mg co-doped BaTiO3 ceramics

The effect of Yb/Mg co-doping on the microstructure and electrical properties of BaTiO₃ ceramics sintered under oxidizing, reducing and annealed conditions was investigated. XRD analyses indicated the suppression of the solubilities of the acceptor ions in BaTiO₃ under the reducing and annealed conditions_. DSC measurements indicated that addition of too much Yb would cause the collapse of the core-shell structure in the BaTiO₃ ceramics. The effect of sintering atmospheres on the microstructure and dielectric properties was attributed to the change of the solubilities of the acceptor ions in this core-shell-structured material.     

Mixed and ground KBr-impregnated calcined snail shell and kaolin as solid base catalysts for biodiesel production

Mixed and ground activated snail shell and kaolin catalysts impregnated with KBr were investigated. The snail shell and kaolin were calcined, mixed, and ground prior to immersion with KBr solution and subsequent activation at 500 °C for 3 h. The precursor and catalysts were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area. The catalytic performance of the prepared catalysts was evaluated by transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. The effects of various parameters on biodiesel yield were investigated. A biodiesel yield of 98.5% was achieved using the catalyst prepared by 40% KBr-immersed, mixed, and ground snail shell and kaolin, which were activated at 500 °C. The transesterification conditions were as follows: reaction temperature, 65 °C; reaction time, 2 h; methanol-to-soybean oil molar ratio, 6:1; and catalyst amount (relative to the weight of soybean oil), 2.0 wt%. The solid catalyst could be reused for four times, and biodiesel yield remained over 73.6% for the fourth time.