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31.
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三峡库区滑坡灾害频发,采用高效的滑坡监测技术对预防和降低滑坡灾害十分重要。本文介绍了ROTDR(Raman Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry)、BOTDR(Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry)和FBG(Fiber Bragg Grating)这3种光纤感测技术,以及课题组基于这3种技术研发的滑坡体变形场与水分场监测技术。以三峡马家沟I号库岸滑坡为例,介绍了相关的DFOS(Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing)监测方案、传感器布设工艺、光纤的保护方法和部分水分场及变形场监测结果的分析成果。监测结果表明:DFOS技术应用于库岸滑坡变形场和水分场监测可行,可为研究库岸滑坡演化机理及其预警预报提供一个新的监测手段。 相似文献
33.
《Journal of Great Lakes research》2022,48(6):1329-1336
Climate-driven disturbances threaten the sustainability of coastal communities in the Great Lakes Basin. Because such disturbances are unpredictable, their magnitude, number and intensity are changing, and they occur at varying temporal and spatial scales. Consequently, communities struggle to respond in effective ways. The expected intensification of climate-driven disturbances will require that community capacity and governance structures match the spatial and temporal scales of these disturbances, as the most sustainable social and economic systems will be those that can respond at similar frequencies to key natural system drivers. The Climate Governance Variability in the Great Lakes Research Coordination Network (CGVG-RCN) was recently established to address questions about the relationship between climate-driven disturbances and community response. The objective of this short communication is to introduce the ideas behind the CGVG-RCN, outline its goals, and facilitate engagements and collaboration with social and natural scientists interested in social-ecological systems in the Great Lakes Basin. 相似文献
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Selection of strategies that help reduce riverine inputs requires numerical models that accurately quantify hydrologic processes. While numerous models exist, information on how to evaluate and select the most robust models is limited. Toward this end, we developed a comprehensive approach that helps evaluate watershed models in their ability to simulate flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services. We demonstrated the method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) model, and Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model (DLBRM) applied to the Maumee River Basin (USA). The approach helped in identifying that each model simulated flows within acceptable ranges. However, each was limited in its ability to simulate flows triggered by extreme weather events, owing to algorithms not being optimized for such events and mismatched physiographic watershed conditions. Ultimately, we found HSPF to best predict river flow, whereas SWAT offered the most flexibility for evaluating agricultural management practices. 相似文献
36.
《Diamond and Related Materials》2006,15(10):1555-1564
Unusual brown to yellow diamonds of mixed type Ib/IaAB were analyzed. The occurrence of nitrogen in a combination of A, B and C centers directly detectable by IR spectroscopy in natural diamonds is considered to be extremely rare. We propose to call such stones ABC diamonds for short. These diamonds are characterized by a color, luminescence, and anomalous double refraction distribution which results from mixed growth: a center core formed by cuboid growth, rich in nitrogen, covered by an outer rim of “normal” octahedral growth, with much less nitrogen. Nitrogen in the core is present in a more aggregated state than in the rim, which is practically pure type Ib.In the infrared spectra, besides A, B and C 1-phonon absorptions a large number of previously undescribed, tentatively H-related features were identified in some samples; these proposed H-related features were only present in the periphery of the core and the rim of the diamonds, in the core practically no hydrogen was detected. The low temperature Vis/NIR spectra were mainly characterized by two defect-induced centers: the H2 center, and the apparently new 905 nm vibronic absorption with phonon-side bands at 880, 867, 847 nm plus a feature at 806.5 nm. The 905 nm absorption can possibly be attributed to a hydrogen-related center. Although these diamonds present a combination of spectroscopic characteristics (A + B + C center absorptions, H2 absorptions) deemed characteristic of certain HPHT-treated type Ia diamonds, they cannot be confused for such treated diamonds on the basis of their color, color distribution and some spectral peculiarities. 相似文献
37.
阴影检测是进行阴影处理前的重要步骤,总变分模型可以用于影像阴影检测.通过对总变分模型进行改进,提出了一种基于无约束总变分模型的阴影检测方法.经实验及统计分析证明,在合适的迭代条件下,该方法对于单一阴影影像的处理效果理想. 相似文献
38.
3-D direct current resistivity forward modeling by adaptive multigrid finite element method 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Based on the fact that 3-D model discretization by artificial could not always be successfully implemented especially for large-scaled problems when high accuracy and efficiency were required, a new adaptive multigrid finite element method was proposed. In this algorithm, a-posteriori error estimator was employed to generate adaptively refined mesh on a given initial mesh. On these iterative meshes, V-cycle based multigrid method was adopted to fast solve each linear equation with each initial iterative term interpolated from last mesh. With this error estimator, the unknowns were nearly optimally distributed on the final mesh which guaranteed the accuracy. The numerical results show that the multigrid solver is faster and more stable compared with ICCG solver. Meanwhile, the numerical results obtained from the final model discretization approximate the analytical solutions with maximal relative errors less than 1%, which remarkably validates this algorithm. 相似文献
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Garima Lakhanpal Jay R. Black Roser Casas-Mulet Meenakshi Arora Michael J. Stewardson 《河流研究与利用》2023,39(4):734-744
Fine particle clogging and faunal bioturbation are two key processes co-occurring in the hyporheic zone that potentially affect hyporheic exchange through modifications in the sediment structure of streambeds. Clogging results from excessive fine sediment infiltration and deposition in rivers, and it is known to decrease matrix porosity and potentially reduce permeability. Faunal bioturbation activity may compensate for the negative effect of clogging by reworking the sediment, increasing porosity, and preventing further infiltration of fines. Although both processes of clogging and bioturbation have received significant attention in the literature separately, their combined effects on streambed sediment structure are not well understood, mostly due to the lack of a standard methodology for their assessment. Here, we illustrate a novel methodology using X-ray computed tomography (CT), as proof of concept, to investigate how, together, clogging and bioturbation affect streambed porosity in a controlled flow-through flume. By visualising gallery formations of an upward conveyor macroinvertebrate; Lumbriculus variegatus as a model species, we quantified bioturbation activity in a clogged streambed, focusing on orientation, depth, and volume at downwelling and upwelling areas of the flume. Gallery creation increased the porosity of the streambed sediment, suggesting a potential improvement in permeability and a possible offset of clogging effects. We illustrate the promising use of X-ray CT as a tool to assess bioturbation in clogged streambeds, and the potential role of bioturbation activity supporting hyporheic exchange processes in streambeds, warranting further studies to understand the extent of bioturbation impacts in natural systems. 相似文献