Control technology and coordination deformation mechanism of rise entry group with high ground stress

Based on engineering practices of Wuyang Coal Mine, we carried out X-ray diffract researches on No. 3 coal; and the rocks of its roof and floor by XRD meter, and simulated the interactive effect of the surrounding rock deformation by FLAC^2D5.0 numerical simulation software under the condition of different tunneling method of multimine roadway in parallel. The internal structures of the surrounding rocks of 76 belt roadway were monitored by borehole observation instruments; and then, we analyzed the reason of failure and deformation of surrounding rocks of several rise entry, and proposed the technical measures for controlling interactive effect of several rise entry surrounding rock deformation at last. For the thickness seam rise roadway, two conclusions were drawn: one is that the co-deformation among roadway groups mainly reflect on that both shear failure and deformation in coal pillar among roadways have decreased the width of pillar core region and clamping action of coal pillar to roof strata, increased the actual span of roof strata, intensified the flexural failure of roof strata and prized the bed separation of roof deep rock strata. The other conclusion is that the factors controlling the interactive deformation among roadways is obvious when appropriate re-adjustment in construction sequence of the tunneling of multimine parallel roadways because the construction sequence among roadways also has great effects on deformation of the surrounding rock in roadway.     

Modeling NOx emissions from coal-fired utility boilers using support vector regression with ant colony optimization

Modeling NO_x emissions from coal fired utility boiler is critical to develop a predictive emissions monitoring system (PEMS) and to implement combustion optimization software package for low NO_x combustion. This paper presents an efficient NO_x emissions model based on support vector regression (SVR), and compares its performance with traditional modeling techniques, i.e., back propagation (BPNN) and generalized regression (GRNN) neural networks. A large number of NO_x emissions data from an actual power plant, was employed to train and validate the SVR model as well as two neural networks models. Moreover, an ant colony optimization (ACO) based technique was proposed to select the generalization parameter C and Gaussian kernel parameter γ. The focus is on the predictive accuracy and time response characteristics of the SVR model. Results show that ACO optimization algorithm can automatically obtain the optimal parameters, C and γ, of the SVR model with very high predictive accuracy. The predicted NO_x emissions from the SVR model, by comparing with the BPNN model, were in good agreement with those measured, and were comparable to those estimated from the GRNN model. Time response of establishing the optimum SVR model was in scale of minutes, which is suitable for on-line and real-time modeling NO_x emissions from coal-fired utility boilers.     

Wing crack model subjected to high hydraulic pressure and far field stresses and its numerical simulation

By considering the effect of hydraulic pressure filled in wing crack and the connected part of main crack on the stress intensity factor at wing crack tip, a new wing crack model exerted by hydraulic pressure and far field stresses was proposed. By introducing the equivalent crack length l _eq of wing crack, two terms make up the stress intensity factor K _I at wing crack tip: one is the component K _I⁽¹⁾ for a single isolated straight wing crack of length 2l subjected to hydraulic pressure in wing crack and far field stresses, and the other is the component K _I⁽²⁾ due to the effective shear stress induced by the presence of the equivalent main crack. The FEM model of wing crack propagation subjected to hydraulic pressure and far field stresses was also established according to different side pressure coefficients and hydraulic pressures in crack. The result shows that a good agreement is found between theoretical model of wing crack proposed and finite element method (FEM). In theory, an unstable crack propagation is shown if there is high hydraulic pressure and lateral tension. The wing crack model proposed can provide references for studying on hydraulic fracturing in rock masses.     

不同组合桨搅拌器搅拌特性的数值研究

采用Fluent软件的多重参考系(MRF)及标准k-ε湍流模型,针对双层平直桨叶、双层45°折叶涡轮桨和两者组合搅拌桨这3种搅拌桨,研究了不同桨叶类型搅拌槽内的流动混合特性和加料位置,结果表明:45°折叶涡轮桨和平直叶桨的上下组合桨可以增强搅拌器内流体的上下湍动,促进混合,其搅拌功率较双层平直叶桨下降37.91%,混合时间减少50.48%;选择上层桨叶尖端加料可以缩短搅拌器内液体的混合时间,提高搅拌效率.     

Propagation law of shock waves and gas flow in cross roadway caused by coal and gas outburst

In order to study the propagation law of shock waves and gas flow during coal and gas outburst, we analyzed the formation process of outburst shock waves and gas flow and established the numerical simulation models of the roadways with 45° intersection and 135° intersection to simulate the propagation of outburst gas flow and the process of gas transport. Based on the analysis of the simulation results, we obtained the qualitative and quantitative conclusions on the characteristics and patterns of propagation and attenuation of outburst shock waves and gas flow. With the experimental models, we investigated the outburst shock waves and gas flow in the roadways with the similar structures to the simulated ones. According to the simulation results, when the angle between the driving roadway and the adjacent roadway increased, the sudden pressure variation range in adjacent roadway and the influencing scope of gas flow increased and the sudden pressure variation duration decreased. The intersection between the driving roadway and the adjacent roadway has no effect on airflow reversal induced by the shock waves and gas flow.     

Effects of Ti addition on low carbon hot strips produced by CSP process

Large quantity of fine Ti（C,N） particles, 15-30 nm in size, were observed in low carbon hot strips added to a small amount of Ti and produced by CSP process. The results showed that the precipitation of Ti（C,N） mostly took place during soaking and hot rolling, which is significantly different from that in the conventional production. These fine Ti carbonitride particles could be very effective on the austenite grain refinement by hindering grain growth of recrystallized austenite. Their precipitation behavior was discussed and compared with that of the steels produced in the conventional production.     

A novel channel selection method for CANDU refuelling based on the BPANN and GA techniques

A novel channel selection method for CANDU refuelling based on the back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques is developed. In this method, GA is used as an “optimization tool” and BPANN as a refuelling “simulator” used to predict the core parameters. Based on this method an automatic refuelling channel selection program for CANDU reactors has been developed and tested by the refuelling simulation of the Qinshan Phase III CANDU reactor for 400 effective full power days. The numerical results show that the average properties of the time-dependent core are very close to the reference one and the refuelling channel selection method possesses superior computational efficiency.     

A study on type II structures. Part I:: a modified one-dimensional mass–spring model

Most impact energy-absorbing structures can be classified into one of two types in terms of the shape of the overall quasi-static load–displacement curve in the early stages of deformation. Type I has a relatively “flat-topped” curve, while type II has an initial peak load followed by a “steeply falling” curve. The previous work showed that the deformation of type II specimens is much more sensitive to the impact velocity than that of type I specimens. That is, when the total kinetic energy remains the same for all specimens, smaller final deformations result from higher impact velocities; and this phenomenon is much more significant for type II specimens than for type I specimens. In order to explain this characteristic of type II structures, a one-dimensional mass–spring model with variable mass is proposed for a typical type II structure (i.e., a pair of pre-bent plates), and used to examine the effects of the lateral inertia of the structure under impact. Unlike conventional mass–spring models, our system contains an equivalent variable mass, which is a function of the rotational angle at plastic hinges and comes into effect during the second phase of the dynamic response. Predictions of this analytical model agree very well with an ABAQUS FE simulation of the dynamic response of the pre-bent plates to impact; and this verifies the validity of the mass–spring model proposed.     

Permeation measurements for investigating atomic hydrogen flux and wall pumping/fuelling dynamics in QUEST

In order to investigate the overall atomic hydrogen background and the dynamic characteristics of wall pumping/fuelling phenomenon, a permeation probe system has been developed and applied in the spherical tokamak QUEST. Reliability of measurements, within ±3% accuracy and a positive correlation with the hydrogen line emission over three orders of magnitude have been demonstrated for more than 3000 various plasma discharges. By comparison of the experimental permeation (flux) curves with the numerically simulated curves, the net incident atomic hydrogen flux is evaluated in the range of 1 × 10¹⁹ H m^?2 s^?1 to 4 × 10²⁰ H m^?2 s^?1. The atomic flux has been investigated as a function of various plasma operation parameters like RF power, gas pressure and magnetic configuration. Using the static particle balance and permeation measurements, the progress in wall conditioning has been investigated. An inverse correlation between the atomic hydrogen flux and improvement in wall pumping has been observed over the two campaigns.