Modes of making smart cities: Or,practices of variegated smart urbanism

The ‘actually existing’ smart city is not a monolith. It is not directed by a universal logic, nor does it develop in a standardised way. As recent research has argued, the spatial, material, and political contexts of cities have major influence over what smart urbanism looks like in practice. This paper adds analytical depth to, and broadens the geographical scope of, research on the variegated modes of making smart cities. Based on empirical research in multiple Australian cities we use three case studies to explore three different modes of smart urbanism, each one centred on the interests of a different key actor: corporate-centric, citizen-centric, and planner-centric. These different modes can, and do, co-exist in the same city. At times, they are competing logics that fight to pull the city in different directions. Yet, they can also work together to shape smart city initiatives. In describing these different modes, we pay particular attention to the ways that these projects and strategies must contend with the already existing spatial, cultural, and political contexts of each place.     

Second PV line for Shell Solar in Germany

Shell Solar Deutschland GmbH has opened a second PV cell manufacturing line at its factory in Gelsenkirchen, Germany. The new line will produce more than six million solar cells a year with a total power generation capacity of 15 MW, more than doubling the output of the factory. In total the factory will produce 25 MW per year, the equivalent of the power consumption of about 6000 West European households.Visit www.re-focus.net for the latest renewable energy industry news     

测量低损耗薄膜材料介电常数的标量法

依据被测介质性质,在现有实验设备条件下,提出了一种标量法测量低损耗薄膜介质介电常数的新方法.该方法利用传输线法测量原理,先测量待测介质损耗,间接得到反射系数,由反射系数与介电常数关系式,推导得出待测介质的介电常数.该方法有样品容易制作,测量简单准确等特点.通过测量实例的误差分析,指出标量法测量薄膜材料介电常数的不足,提出相应的改进措施.     

新庙泡叶绿素a浓度高光谱定量模型研究

利用吉林省新庙泡的高光谱实测数据和水质采样分析数据,尝试通过单波段、波段比值、一阶微分和峰谷间距法建立叶绿素a反演模型。结果表明:单波段光谱反射率与叶绿素a浓度的相关性较差,不宜用于该区域的叶绿素a浓度估算;680 nm和700 nm波段反射率之比、700 nm处光谱一阶微分值和两波段峰谷间距反演模型都具有较高的决定系数,分别为0.783 4、0.792 7、0.796 9,验证模型的决定系数为0.651 3、0.431 7、0.756 4,均方根误差分别为8.69μg·L-1、14.50μg·L-1、10.04μg·L-1,显著水平P<0.01。这3种方法皆可以用于新庙泡叶绿素a浓度的定量遥感,其中又以峰谷间距法为最优。     

Structural properties of SiO2 films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

SiO₂ thin films have been prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from SiH₄ and N₂O precursors by using different values of the N₂O/SiH₄ flow ratio (γ). Rutherford backscattering spectrometry has been employed to obtain the O/Si atomic ratio of the films. Infrared spectroscopy has demonstrated that oxides having the same O/Si atomic ratio are characterized by a different structure. Indeed, from the analysis of the Si–O–Si stretching peaks, we have found that the peak frequency and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) are dependent on γ. Peak position and FWHM have been used to calculate the bond angle distribution of the films. The results have demonstrated the occurrence of a Si–O–Si bond angle relaxation phenomenon in films deposited by using a larger excess of N₂O.     

The rural experience

Rural Energy Supply Models (RESuM) is a study undertaken by the International Energy Society in cooperation with the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, which offers support to government, business and finance institution in rural energy supply activities.     

铸币图像配准算法的设计与实现

铸币图像的配准是基于图像识别的真伪币鉴别及瑕疵检测的重要步骤.针对铸币图像的特点,提出使用边缘纹理替代灰度信息作为图像配准的特征;配准算法使用极坐标系投影等多种积分投影方法,通过计算样本图像与模板图像投影曲线的互相关函数与最大互相关参数得到平移、旋转、缩放参数,并以多次迭代,实现铸币样本图像与模板图像的精确配准,为基于图像识别的真伪币鉴别及瑕疵检测提供良好基础.     

Three-step concept (TSC) in modeling microelectronics reliability (MR): Boltzmann–Arrhenius–Zhurkov (BAZ) probabilistic physics-of-failure equation sandwiched between two statistical models

When encountering a particular reliability problem at the design, fabrication, testing, or an operation stage of a product’s life, and considering the use of predictive modeling to assess the seriousness and the likely consequences of the a detected failure, one has to choose whether a statistical, or a physics-of-failure-based, or a suitable combination of these two major modeling tools should be employed to address the problem of interest and to decide on how to proceed. A three-step concept (TSC) is suggested as a possible way to go in such a situation. The classical statistical Bayes’ formula can be used at the first step in this concept as a technical diagnostics tool. Its objective is to identify, on the probabilistic basis, the faulty (malfunctioning) device(s) from the obtained signals (“symptoms of faults”). The recently suggested physics-of-failure-based Boltzmann–Arrhenius–Zhurkov’s (BAZ) model and particularly the multi-parametric BAZ model can be employed at the second step to assess the remaining useful life (RUL) of the faulty device(s). If the RUL is still long enough, no action might be needed; if it is not, corrective restoration action becomes necessary. In any event, after the first two steps are carried out, the device is put back into operation (testing), provided that the assessed probability of its continuing failure-free operation is found to be satisfactory. If the operational failure nonetheless occurs, the third, technical diagnostics step should be undertaken to update reliability. Statistical beta-distribution, in which the probability of failure is treated as a random variable, is suggested to be used at this step. While various statistical methods and approaches, including Bayes’ formula and beta-distribution, are well known and widely used in numerous applications for many decades, the BAZ model was introduced in the microelectronics reliability (MR) area only several years ago. Its attributes are addressed and discussed therefore in some detail. The suggested concept is illustrated by a numerical example geared to the use of the prognostics-and-health-monitoring (PHM) effort in actual operation, such as, e.g., en-route flight mission.     

Semi-supervised cardiac MRI image of the left ventricle segmentation algorithm based on contrastive learning

A semi-supervised convolutional neural network segmentation method of medical images based on contrastive learning is proposed. The cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) images to be segmented are preprocessed to obtain positive and negative samples by labels. The U-Net shrinks network is applied to extract features of the positive samples, negative samples, and input samples. In addition, an unbalanced contrastive loss function is proposed, which is weighted with the binary cross-entropy loss...     

AMTIS单通道多角度热红外图像的大气订正

给出了在假定无大气廓线情况下,AMTIS单通道多角度热红外图像的大气订正算法.算法需要三个参数:其中大气等效温度,用“最小标准差法”从图像自身来估算;大气透过率通过地表的绝对湿度或者太阳辐射计得到的大气水汽含量参数来估算;像元的辐射率比由AMTIS得到的NDVI计算.通过将大气订正后的亮度温度与地面实测点亮度温度比较,两者相差约1.2K,这对于无大气廓线情况下单通道热红外图像的大气订正来说,结果是可以接受的.