高含水油田优势流场识别调整研究

针对砂岩油田高含水后期油层优势流场严重发育,制约水驱采收率进一步提高的难题,应用层次分析与模糊综合评价结合数值模拟方法,确定了油藏平面各优势流场影响因素的权重大小,得到了小层平面流场的模糊综合评价值及不同强度流场区域的油水井对分布状况。对优势流场区水井减注、调层及补孔治理,对弱流场区欠注水井增注调整。应用该方法对V油田某区块小层平面的优势流场判断,其中优势流场区井对7个,强优势流场区井对5个。对存在于优势流场区中的12个井组进行水井减注、封堵调层、补孔、油井合理配产、封堵等工艺。对部分欠注水井增注调整,全区综合含水率下降了1.1%,累积增产原油2.2×104 t,取得了较好的高含水期剩余油挖潜效果。     

预应力H型钢混凝土组合梁动力性能参数分析

为获得预应力H型钢混凝土新型组合梁的恢复力模型,对7根跨度为3 800 mm、2根跨度为4 500 mm的预应力型钢混凝土简支梁的骨架曲线进行了仿真分析,探讨了综合配筋指标、预应力度、预应力筋合力点到梁下边缘距离及混凝土轴心抗压强度4个参数对截面单调弯矩-曲率曲线和构件单调荷载-位移曲线的影响,同时考察了综合配筋指标、预应力度对构件截面曲率延性和构件位移延性的影响;最后统计回归出预应力H型钢混凝土组合梁曲率延性和位移延性的计算公式,建立了预应力H型钢混凝土组合梁弯矩-曲率恢复力模型和荷载-位移恢复力模型。结果表明:预应力H型钢混凝土组合梁具有良好的抗震性能,建立的恢复力模型可为该类梁的结构弹塑性动力分析提供参考。     

A novel approach to synthesizing highly active Ni2P/SiO2 hydrotreating catalysts

Silica-supported nickel phosphide particles with high dispersion were obtained by treating nickel metal particles on a support with 10% PH₃/H₂. Because the phosphidation occurred at relatively low temperature, the small nickel phosphide particles had the same size as the metal particles, and this size was maintained. The resulting catalysts were characterized by CO and O₂ chemisorption, XRD, and ³¹P MAS NMR spectroscopy. The influence of the nickel source on the metal dispersion of the catalysts was investigated. The resulting silica-supported nickel phosphide catalysts proved to be very active in the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and the hydrodenitrogenation of o-methylaniline in the presence and absence of H₂S.     

油气钻井岩屑沉降阻力计算模型

油气钻井过程中,破碎的岩屑在井筒钻井液中存在着自由沉降的现象,为了防止和避免岩屑沉积造成沉砂卡钻等井下安全事故,需要研究岩屑颗粒的沉降规律、预测岩屑沉降的末速度。为此,基于Stokes定律和Newton-Rittinger模型,提出了黏性阻力占比系数与压差阻力占比系数的概念,应用最小二乘法对实验数据回归得到阻力占比系数方程,分别推导出岩屑颗粒在牛顿流体与幂律流体中沉降时非斯托克斯区域的阻力计算模型,并通过该模型依据沉积实验数据对岩屑颗粒的沉降末速度进行计算和分析。研究结果表明:(1)岩屑颗粒在幂律流体中沉降时,所受到的黏性阻力和压差阻力不仅与颗粒雷诺数相关,而且还与流性指数及稠度系数相关;(2)岩屑颗粒在牛顿流体中沉降,当颗粒雷诺数小于2.944 6时黏性阻力大于压差阻力,当颗粒雷诺数大于2.944 6时压差阻力大于黏性阻力;(3)颗粒雷诺数小于1.11时岩屑沉降主要考虑黏性阻力,颗粒雷诺数介于1.11~500时岩屑沉降受到黏性阻力与压差阻力的共同作用,颗粒雷诺数大于500时压差阻力在岩屑沉降中占主导作用。结论认为,借助于该计算模型,当钻井液为牛顿流体时,可以预测颗粒雷诺数介于0~105的岩屑沉降末速度;当钻井液为幂律流体时,可以预测颗粒雷诺数介于0~105、流性指数介于0.062 3~1的岩屑沉降末速度;上述范围能够满足钻井工程中对于岩屑沉降速度进行预测的需求。     

特低渗透油藏压敏效应研究

特低渗透储层中存在压敏效应,进行渗透率随孔隙内流体压力的变化规律的研究对油田开发意义重大。通过对朝阳沟地区岩心模拟实验,采用改变孔隙内流体压力改变净压力的方法,可以更真实地反映地层的真实状况,得出渗透率随净压力变化曲线,回归了净压力与渗透率的关系模型。结果表明,特低渗透油藏中,因压敏效应,在流体压力减少阶段,渗透率随净压力变化显著,渗透率变化率大约20%;在流体压力增加阶段,渗透率随净压力变化不明显,渗透率变化率大约5%;在流体压力增加或减少阶段采用分段拟合,得出渗透率随净压力变化规律基本符合二项式关系,相关系数达到0.99以上。     

Experimental analysis of optimal performance for a 5 kW PEMFC system

This paper investigates the issue of performance optimization for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. In PEMFC system, the system efficiency is the key parameters to evaluate the system performance which is sensitive to the air flow rate. Thus, the careful selection of the air flow rate is crucial to ensure efficient, reliable and durable operation of the PEMFC system. In this paper, the dynamic response of the system under variable air flow rate is studied in detail by means of experiments on the built 5 kW PEMFC system with 110 cells and a catalyst active area of 250 cm². The oxygen excess ratio (OER) is defined to indicate the state of oxygen supply. The experimental results show that the maximum efficiency is existed under certain net current. The OER conditions have the optimal characteristic for system efficiency. Through the optimization of system performance, the system efficiency can be increased by 12.2% on average. At the same time, the system dynamic characteristic under oxygen starvation and oxygen saturation are analyzed in detail based on the experimental data.     

The use of ferrites as highly active oxygen storage materials for chemical looping hydrogen production under intermediate temperature

Shifting chemical looping from high temperatures to intermediate temperatures could mitigate the materials from sintering and benefit for longer durability as well as process economy. However, oxygen carriers cannot perform sufficiently due to the degrading effect at lower temperatures, resulting in the decrease of hydrogen production ability. Although doping precious metals can improve the poor performance at intermediate temperatures, the high cost impeded their large-scale application. In this paper, a range of oxygen carrier materials consisted of earth abundant elements were prepared for chemical looping hydrogen production. The results indicated that CoFe₂O₄ exhibited the highest hydrogen yield of 11.9 mmol·g⁻¹ and hydrogen production rate of 0.051 mmol g⁻¹·s⁻¹ at 650 °C, which was 1.7 times higher than that of Fe₂O₃. A combined experimental and DFT calculation method was used to understand the mechanism behind the performance. The results indicated that the synergistic effect between Co and Fe increased the reactivity of the ferrite materials. The enhanced hydrogen production performance was attributed to the high reduction degree and reversible phase change. This study can be also extended to develop more active oxygen carrier for chemical looping processes at intermediate temperatures.     

管道高温壁面辐射对激光测量天然气含水量影响分析

天然气含水量影响管道输送品质及输送安全,非接触激光检测作为目前气体浓度测量的主要方式之一,已被广泛应用。针对激光检测过程中存在高温壁面杂散辐射问题,设计了管输天然气含水量激光在线检测光路,利用TracePro光学仿真软件模拟管道壁面高温杂散辐射对探测器接收信号的影响,并基于光谱吸收原理分析该过程的光学特性。研究结果表明,在激光检测管输天然气含水量过程中,存在较为明显的杂散辐射,且在高温环境下,杂散辐射影响更为强烈。     

Numerical investigation of gelled crude oil particle melting in water for hydrogen production

This paper describes a numerical analysis of the melting process of gelled crude oil in water for hydrogen production. The melting characteristics of crude oil particles are analyzed, and the influence of flow velocity, particle radius, and hot water temperature on the melting process is discussed. The results indicate that the melting rate on the surface of the crude oil is different, the oil particles do not melt concentrically, and the monitoring points and rate of increase in temperature are not substantially affected by the phase change interval. The flow rate and particle radius are found to have a significant influence on the phase distribution of the oil droplets, but changes in water temperature have little effect. After validating a model of the melting process, we investigate the influence of oil particle size, water temperature, flow rate, and oil temperature. It is found that increases in water temperature and flow rate, or a decrease in oil particle size, tend to reduce the melting time.