A simulation study on a solar heat pump heating system with seasonal latent heat storage

Solar heating systems with seasonal energy storage have attracted an increasing attention over the past decades. However, studies of such systems using a phase change material (PCM) as seasonal storage medium have not been found in the open literature. In this paper a solar heat pump heating system with seasonal latent heat thermal storage (SHPH–SLHTS) is firstly described. This is followed by reporting the development of a simplified mathematical model for a SHPH–SLHTS system. Using the model developed, the operational performances of a SHPH–SLHTS system which provided space heating to a villa building have been investigated by simulation, and simulation results are reported in this paper.     

糠醛液相原位加氢反应的热力学适配性分析

糠醛加氢脱氧可以转化为2-甲基呋喃等高值化学品。基于吉布斯自由能最小化原理,选取甲醇、乙醇为供氢剂,应用Aspen Plus软件对"醇-水-糠醛"液相原位加氢体系进行了热力学计算,以分析供氢反应与加氢反应热力学上的适配性。结果表明:制氢反应的适宜温度在500 K以上,而加氢反应更适合在低温下进行;甲醇作为供氢剂与糠醛液相原位加氢有好的适配性。分析反应条件对糠醛液相原位加氢平衡产物的影响发现,反应温度、压力及供氢剂用量都对产物分布有一定的影响,其中当原位供氢不足时易发生糠醛脱羰生成呋喃反应,供氢充足时糠醛加氢的主要产物为2-甲基呋喃和2-甲基四氢呋喃。     

Negative bias temperature instability in n-channel power VDMOSFETs

Negative gate bias is used in some applications for faster switching off the n-channel MOS devices. It is shown in this study that NBT stress-related instability in commercial n-channel power VDMOSFETs could be actually more serious than in corresponding p-channel devices. NBT stress is found to create equal V_T shifts in both device types, whereas the subsequent positive bias annealing results in more serious overall V_T instability in n-channel devices. The changes in the densities of stress-induced interface traps in two device types are equal as well, but significant amounts of NBT stress-induced border traps are only found in n-channel devices. All the results are discussed in terms of hydrogen reaction and diffusion model.     

双列角接触球轴承动刚度特性分析

为研究双列角接触球轴承动刚度特性,在双列角接触球轴承动力学分析基础上,建立双列角接触球轴承动刚度仿真分析模型。采用精细积分法和预估-校正Adams-Bashforth-Moulton多步法相结合的算法对双列角接触球轴承动刚度模型进行求解,分析轴承结构参数和工况参数对轴承动刚度的影响。分析结果表明：沟曲率半径系数对轴承动刚度影响较小,随着内、外沟曲率半径系数的增加,径向刚度略有增大,轴向刚度和角刚度相对减小;增加钢球数有利于提高轴承动刚度;轴向预紧量较大时轴承动刚度较高,但过大的轴向预紧会使轴承寿命降低,应合理确定轴向预紧量;随转速的增大,轴承动刚度先减小后增大,且转速较低时可近似以接触刚度代替轴承动刚度,转速较高时应综合接触刚度和油膜刚度求得轴承动刚度;外载荷对轴承动刚度有较大影响,加大径向载荷和轴向载荷有利于提高轴承动刚度,随着力矩载荷的增大,轴承动刚度变化较为复杂,但整体上,呈现先减小后增大的趋势。     

掺氢对Cummins ISM370柴油机CO、CO2、HC排放特性的影响

为降低柴油机的排放,近年来,研究加入氢气对重型柴油机排放所产生的影响逐步引起了研究者的关注。在Cummins ISM370柴油机中添加不同比例氢气(最高氢气占进气管氢气空气容积比达7%)与柴油组成混合燃料,进行CO、CO2、HC等排放特性研究。研究结果表明:在各种负荷下,氢气和柴油的混合燃料有助于降低CO、CO2比排放,但总体对THC影响不大;随掺氢量增加,CO、CO2和THC的各自比排放随着负荷的变化规律不尽相同;应该根据负荷选择恰当的加氢比例,最大限度发挥加氢对减少排放的积极作用。     

基于CDCTA的双模式等幅正交振荡器

针对正交振荡器实现复杂、振幅不相等、模式单一等问题,提出了一种基于电流差分级联跨导放大器的双模式正交振荡器。该电路仅使用一个电流差分级联跨导放大器、一个接地电阻和两个接地电容,可以同时产生等幅电压和电流正交信号。电路结构简单,灵敏度低,易于集成,振荡条件和振荡频率可相互独立地电控调谐。PSPICE仿真与硬件实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Piezoelectricity of the Transmembrane Protein ba3 Cytochrome c Oxidase

Controlling the electromechanical response of piezoelectric biological structures including tissues, peptides, and amino acids provides new applications for biocompatible, sustainable materials in electronics and medicine. Here, the piezoelectric effect is revealed in another class of biological materials, with robust longitudinal and shear piezoelectricity measured in single crystals of the transmembrane protein ba₃ cytochrome c oxidase from Thermus thermophilus. The experimental findings from piezoresponse force microscopy are substantiated using a range of control measurements and molecular models. The observed longitudinal and shear piezoelectric responses of ≈ 2 and 8 pm V⁻¹, respectively, are comparable to or exceed the performance of commonly used inorganic piezoelectric materials including quartz, aluminum nitride, and zinc oxide. This suggests that transmembrane proteins may provide, in addition to physiological energy transduction, technologically useful piezoelectric material derived entirely from nature. Membrane proteins could extend the range of rationally designed biopiezoelectric materials far beyond the minimalistic peptide motifs currently used in miniaturized energy harvesters, and the finding of robust piezoelectric response in a transmembrane protein also raises fundamental questions regarding the molecular evolution, activation, and role of regulatory proteins in the cellular nanomachinery, indicating that piezoelectricity might be important for fundamental physiological processes.     

One Dimensional Inverse Dielectric Profiling of Embedded Slabs by a Quadratic Approximation

In this paper the inverse problem of the determination of the dielectric profile of a slab embedded into a homogeneous half space starting from the knowledge of the scattered field for different illumination angles is considered. A comparison between the features of a linear and a quadratic distorted approximation of the scattering problem is carried out, in order to determine the kind of profiles that can be reconstructed. In particular, the investigation of the direct problem reveals that, under the linear approximation, only a limited number of Fourier harmonics of the profile give contribution to the scattered field. The use of the quadratic approximation allows to change the number and order of the harmonic that can be imaged. The dependence of the results on the dielectric permittivity of the host medium is also highlighted. Numerical examples support the theoretical considerations.     

表面波飞机结冰传感器的研究

首先分析了覆盖冰层的各向同性半无限大弹性体中的声表面波(SAW),求得了声表面波波速与冰层厚度间的关系.结果表明,当冰层厚度为0时,求得的波速与没有冰层覆盖相对应的半无限大弹性体的声表面波波速相同;当冰层厚度不断增加时,求得的声表面波波速趋向于冰层中的波速.随后分析了基体是各向同性无限大弹性板的情况.计算结果表明,由于弹性板与冰层的相互作用,实际振动会出现多个声表面波模态和相应的波速.     

压电驱动电源快速放电回路的研究

为提高压电陶瓷驱动的高压精密微流量阀的频响及微流量输出控制精度,针对压电陶瓷驱动电源不能在断电后将压电陶瓷中的极化电荷迅速释放的缺点,该文在研究压电陶瓷驱动电源的过程中,设计并实现了一种新型快速放电回路,在驱动信号切断后,可快速对压电陶瓷进行放电,使其恢复初始状态,且其放电时间达到毫秒级.在完成快速放电同路特性仿真的基础上,利用所设计的压电陶瓷驱动电源及快速放电同路,对8 mm×8 mm×20 mm、电容为2.3 μF的压电陶瓷进行了驱动与快速放电试验测试,结果表明,该电源的快速放电特性,可有效提高压电驱动微流量阀流量的控制精度及流量阀的频率响应特性.