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11.
地应力对岩心渗透率伤害实验及机理分析 总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11
生产实际情况表明,有许多油气田对应力较为敏感。随着生产的进行,储集层压力下降,有效应力不断变化,引起油藏产能逐渐降低。为研究这一规律和变化规律,阐述了应用岩民测试有效应力对渗透率影响的实验原理,在对实验数据进行统计分析的基础上,拟合出有效应力与渗透经的函数关系(二次多项式)。应用毛细管渗流概念以有弹性厚壁筒厚理,研究了随着毛细管管壁内外压差变化时,毛细管内半径变化有其对毛细管渗流能力的影响,所得结论与实验结果一致。在实际生产中,应控制油藏压力快速大幅度下降,避免有效应力变化引起油藏渗流能力下降和减产。 相似文献
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The stress intensity factors for a short crack partially penetrating an inclusion of arbitrary shape
Some approximate solutions for predicting the stress intensity factor of a short crack penetrating an inclusion of arbitrary
shape have been developed under mode I and mode II loading conditions. The derivation of the fundamental formula is based
on the transformation toughening theory. The transformation strains in the inclusion are induced by the crack-tip field and
remotely applied stresses, and approximately evaluated by the Eshelby equivalent inclusion theory. As validated by detailed
finite element (FE) analyses, the developed solutions have good accuracy for different inclusion shape and for a wide range
of modulus ratio between inclusion and matrix material. 相似文献
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分析了当前对于从固定背景下的特征符号与背景符号相粘连的图表中提取信息所存在的问题,设计了适用于此类问题的方法模型。提出了一种在固定背景下通过背景符号检测和背景符号擦除来实现随机波形提取的方法。 相似文献
17.
《Energy Conversion and Management》2005,46(13-14):2032-2041
A solar adsorption ice maker with activated carbon–methanol adsorption pair was developed for a practical application. Its main features include utilization of a water cooled condenser and removing all valves in the refrigerant circuit except the one that is necessary for refrigerant charging. Year round performance tests of the solar ice maker were performed in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. Test results show that the COP (coefficient of performance) of the solar ice maker is about 0.083–0.127, and its daily ice production varies within the range of 3.2–6.5 kg/m2 under the climatic conditions of daily solar radiation on the surface of the adsorbent bed being about 15–23 MJ/m2 and the daily average ambient temperature being within 7.7–21.1 °C. The suitable daily solar radiation under which the solar ice maker can run effectively in Kunming is above 16 MJ/m2. 相似文献
18.
In the design process of the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reactor using TiO2-coated foam nickels, the optimum of catalyst film thickness, light intensity and flow velocity were considered. A model was developed to study the effect of catalyst film thickness on photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde by a TiO2-coated foam nickel at continuous flow mode. In this model, external mass transfer and internal molecule diffusion-reaction were considered. A first-order kinetics equation was used to account for the photocatalytic reaction. Two exponential equations were employed to describe the distribution of light intensities in foam nickels and catalyst films, respectively. Validated with experimental data, the model can be used to predict the optimal thickness of catalyst films. A method for determining appropriate light intensities was proposed and discussed. The appropriate light intensity can be obtained by giving a margin, regarded as an excess coefficient, to the light intensity calculated based on the assumption of complete use of excited electron–hole pairs. The excess coefficient needs to be determined experimentally. In addition, the optimal flow velocity of PCO reactors could be consistent with the required one by changing the windward area of foam nickels. Based on the theoretical analyses, a novel PCO reactor containing 15 parallel-connected cells was designed. Each reaction cell was composed of an UV lamp and a TiO2-coated tubular foam nickel. The performance of the reactor was tested by degrading gaseous formaldehyde at an indoor concentration level. The results showed that the reactor had low pressure loss and good degradation capability. 相似文献
19.
Shijie Zhu Yutaka Kagawa Jian-Wu Cao Mineo Mizuno 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(9):2853-2859
Time-dependent deformation in an enhanced SiC/SiC composite has been studied under constant load at high temperatures of 1200
°C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C. Creep damage evolution was evaluated by a Young’s-modulus change of partial unloading and microscopic
observation. The addition of the glassy phase in the matrix is very effective for protecting the composite from oxidation.
The transient creep is dominant in creep life at all the temperatures. An empirical equation is proposed to describe creep
behavior of the composite. It is found that creep activation energy increases with creep time at stresses lower than matrix
cracking stress, but the activation energy remains constant at stresses higher than the matrix cracking stress. The creep
strain rate of the composite is considered to be controlled by creep of fibers based on examining the time, strain, stress,
and temperature dependencies of creep strain rates. 相似文献
20.
An yttria-stabilized zirconia powder, free of monoclinic phase, may be prepared by an oxalate method in an ethanol solution at strong acidity. This study demonstrates that the control of pH in the preparation of precursors has a significant effect on the ability of precursors to crystallize and hence plays an important role in determining the formation and fraction of various crystalline phases in the resulting yttria-stabilized zirconia powder. With the increase of pH, a precursor with a certain crystalline form may be transformed into an amorphous precursor, and a monoclinic phase appers in the phase composition of the resulting powder. The results of XRD analysis and Raman spectroscopy are discussed. 相似文献